Question: Suppose that we wish to test H0: = 20 versus Ha: < 20, where the population standard deviation is known to equal 7.

Suppose that we wish to test H0: μ = 20 versus Ha: μ < 20, where the population standard deviation is known to equal 7. Also, suppose that a sample of 49 measurements randomly selected from the population has a mean equal to 18.

a. Calculate the value of the test statistic z.

b. By comparing z with a critical value, test H0 versus Ha at α = .01.

c. Calculate the p-value for testing H0 versus Ha.

d. Use the p-value to test H0 versus Ha at each of α = .10, .05, .01, and .001.

e. How much evidence is there that H0: μ = 20 is false and Ha: μ < 20 is true?

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