The article Wastewater Treatment Sludge as a Raw Material for the Production of Bacillus thuringiensis Based Biopesticides

Question:

The article "Wastewater Treatment Sludge as a Raw Material for the Production of Bacillus thuringiensis Based Biopesticides" (M. Tirado Montiel, R. Tyagi, and J. Valero, Water Research, 2001: 3807-3816) presents measurements of total solids, in g/L, for seven sludge specimens. The results (rounded to the nearest gram) are 20, 5, 25, 43, 24, 21, and 32. Assume the of total solids is approximately symmetric.
a. Can you conclude that the mean concentration of total solids is greater than 14 g/L? Compute the appropriate test statistic and find the P-value.
b. Can you conclude that the mean concentration of total solids is less than 30 g/L? Compute the appropriate test statistic and find the P-value.
c. An environmental engineer claims that the mean concentration of total solids is equal to 18 g/L. Can you conclude that the claim is false?
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