The city of Erie, Pennsylvania, used a physical agility test for hiring entry-level police officers. The test underwent various modifications over time, but basically consisted of running a 220-yard obstacle course and performing specified numbers of push-ups and sit-ups (thirteen of each in the most recent iteration of the test). Candidates passed the test by completing all of the required activities within 90–95 seconds. The test was developed by police department personnel without the input of experts in exercise physiology or industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology. During its development, the test was given to nineteen volunteers from among the existing police force. All were deemed to be performing their jobs well. The average levels of their performance on the test were used in establishing cutoffs. From 1996–2002, 71 percent of male candidates passed the physical agility test, compared to 12.9 percent of female candidates. Pass rates for individual years ranged from 54 percent to 85 percent for males and from 4 percent to 30 percent for females. At the start of litigation, about 4 percent of Erie’s police force was female. Can this physical agility test survive an adverse impact challenge?