The contingency table shows the results of a random sample of students by the location of school and the number of those students achieving basic skill levels in three subjects. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the variables are independent.

Perform the indicated chi-square independence test by doing the following.

(a) Identify the claim and state H₀ and H_a.

(b) Determine the degrees of freedom, find the critical value, and identify the rejection region.

(c) Find the chi-square test statistic. If convenient, use technology.

(d) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.

Subject Location of school Reading Math Science Urban Suburban 43 63 42 38 65