The following numbered items are concepts that underlie value-based systems, such as ABM and lean. Match each concept to the related lettered elements (s) of a lean operating environment.

1. Business processes are simplified.

2. The quality of the product or service is critical.

3. Employees are cross-trained.

4. Large inventories waste resources and may hide bad work.

5. Goods should be produced only when needed.

6. Equipment downtime is minimized.

a. Minimum inventory levels

b. Pull-through production

c. Quick machine setups and flexible work cells

d. A multi-skilled work force

e. High levels of product quality

f. Effective preventive maintenance