The following selected information (in millions, except for per-share information) is available for National Bank of Canada for the year ended October 31:

Instructions
(a) Calculate the following ratios for the common shareholders for each fiscal year:
1. Payout ratio
2. Dividend yield
3. Basic earnings per share
4. Return on common shareholders' equity
(b) Comment on the above ratios for 2015 in comparison with the prior year, and in comparison with the industry.

2015 2014 Weighted average number of common shares Income available to common shareholders (equals net income) $1,574 $1,498 Dividends declared and paid per common share Dividends declared and paid on common shares Average common shareholders' equity Market price per common share Industry averages were as follows Payout ratio Dividend yield Basic earnings per share Return on common shareholders' equity 333.1 331.1 2.04 1.88 672 616 9,806 8,778 43.31 52.68 45.5%, 44.8% 4.3% 3.8 n/a 13.6% 14.7% n/a