The operating costs per trip of bus services and their mean fares, both in dollars, are shown in Table 14 for some randomly selected fixed-route bus services.

Let C be the operating cost per trip and F be the mean fare, both in dollars, for a fixed-route bus service.
a. For the association between C and F, identify the explanatory and response variables.
b. Construct a scatterplot by hand that describes the association between C and F.
c. Is the association positive, negative, or neither? What does that mean in this situation? Why does this make sense?
d. Graph the model F = 0.18C + 0.11 by hand on the scatter- plot. Does the model come close to the data points?
e. Use the model to predict the mean fare of a fixed-route bus service with operating cost $4.25.

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Table 14 Operating Costs per Trip and Mean Fares Operating Cost per Trip Mean Fare (dollars)(dollars) Bus Service CATS (Charlotte) Port Authority (Pittsburgh) LA Metro (Los Angeles) Sound Transit (Puget Sound) SMART (Southeast Michigan ITA (Jacksonville) VÍA (San Antonio) 3.75 5.00 2.60 7.30 6.90 0.79 123 0.68 1.59 1.14 0.80 0.49 5.20 2.90