To evaluate the effect of a treatment, a sample is obtained from a population with a mean of μ = 75, and the treatment is administered to the individuals in the sample. After treatment, the sample mean is found to be M = 79.6 with a standard deviation of s = 12.
a. If the sample consists of n = 16 individuals, are the data sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect using a two-tailed test with n = .05?
b. If the sample consists of n = 36 individuals, are the data sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect using a two-tailed test with α = .05?
c. Comparing your answer for parts a and b, how does the size of the sample influence the outcome of a hypothesis test?