To protect the privacy of individuals identified in information systems maintained by federal agencies, the Privacy Act of 1974 regulates the use of the information. The statute provides for a minimum award of $1,000 for “actual damages sustained” caused by “intentional or willful actions” to the “person entitled to recovery.” Buck Doe filed for certain disability benefits with an office of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL).The application form asked for Doe’s Social Security number, which the DOL used to identify his claim on documents sent to groups of claimants, their employers, and the lawyers involved in their cases. This disclosed Doe’s Social Security number beyond the limits set by the Privacy Act. Doe filed a suit in a federal district court against the DOL, alleging that he was “torn . . . all to pieces” and “greatly concerned and worried” because of the disclosure of his Social Security number and its potentially “devastating” consequences. He did not offer any proof of actual injury, however. Should damages be awarded in such circumstances solely on the basis of the agency’s conduct, or should proof of some actual injury be required? Why?