Undergraduate students at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, were surveyed in order to evaluate the effect of gender and price on purchasing a pizza from Pizza Hut. Students were told to suppose that they were planning to have a large two-topping pizza delivered to their residence that evening. The students had to decide between ordering from Pizza Hut at a reduced price of $8.49 (the regular price for a large two-topping pizza from the Oxford Pizza Hut at the time was $11.49) and ordering a pizza from a different pizzeria. The results from this question are summarized in the following contingency table:

a. Using a 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference between males and females in their pizzeria selection?
b. What is your answer to (a) if nine of the male students selected Pizza Hut and nine selected another pizzeria?
A subsequent survey evaluated purchase decisions at other prices. These results are summarized in the following contingency table:

c. Using a 0.05 level of significance and using the data in the second contingency table, is there evidence of a difference in pizzeria selection based on price?
d. Determine the p-value in (c) and interpret its meaning.

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PIZZERIA GENDER Female Male Total Total 17 18 35 Pizza Hut Other 13 12 25 10 PRICE PIZZERIA $8.49 $11.49 $14.49 Total Pizza Hut Other Total 10 25 35 17 23 28 27 7 29 92