Use the present value tables in the appendix on present value tables to calculate the issue price of a $300,000 bond issue in each of the following independent cases. Assume interest is paid semiannually.

a. A 10-year, 8 percent bond issue; the market interest rate is 10 percent.

b. A 10-year, 8 percent bond issue; the market interest rate is 6 percent.

c. A 10-year, 10 percent bond issue; the market interest rate is 8 percent.

d. A 20-year, * percent bond issue; the market interest rate is 12 percent.

e. A 20-year, * percent bond issue; the market interest rate is 6 percent.