Using the appropriate tax tables or tax rate schedules, determine the amount of tax liability in each of the following instances.
a. A married couple filing jointly with taxable income of $32,991.
b. A married couple filing jointly with taxable income of $192,257.
c. A married couple filing separately, one spouse with taxable income of $43,885 and the other with $56,218.
d. A single person with taxable income of $79,436.
e. A single person with taxable income of $297,784.
f. A head of household with taxable income of $96,592.
g. A qualifying widow with taxable income of $14,019.
h. A married couple filing jointly with taxable income of $11,216.