We know that smoking has all sorts of ill effects on people, and among other things there is evidence that it affects fertility. Weinberg and Gladen (1986) examined the effects of smoking on the ease with which women become pregnant. They took 586 women who had planned pregnancies, and asked them how many menstrual cycles it had taken for them to become pregnant after discontinuing contraception. They also sorted the women into whether they were smokers or nonsmokers. The data follow.

Does smoking affect the ease with which women become pregnant? (I do not recommend smoking as a birth control device.)

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Smokers Nonsmokers Total I Cycle 2 Cycles 3+ Cycles al 100 486 586 29 198 227 16 107 123 181 236