What do the terms annual shareholder return, dividend yield, capital gains yield, earnings per share, price-earnings ratio

Question:

What do the terms annual shareholder return, yield, capital gains yield, earnings per share, price-earnings ratio and beta refer to?
Dividend
A dividend is a distribution of a portion of company’s earnings, decided and managed by the company’s board of directors, and paid to the shareholders. Dividends are given on the shares. It is a token reward paid to the shareholders for their...