Question: When toluene is sulfonated (concentrated H2SO4) at room temperature, predominantly (about 95% of the total) ortho and para substitution occurs. If elevated temperatures (150-200(C) and

When toluene is sulfonated (concentrated H2SO4) at room temperature, predominantly (about 95% of the total) ortho and para substitution occurs. If elevated temperatures (150-200(C) and longer reaction times are employed, meta (chiefly) and para substitution account for some 95% of the products. Account for these differences in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic pathways. (m-Toluenesulfonic acid is the most stable isomer.)

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