Question: (a) Because an exact outer boundary cannot be measured or even calculated for an atom, how are atomic radii determined? (b) What is the difference

(a) Because an exact outer boundary cannot be measured or even calculated for an atom, how are atomic radii determined?
(b) What is the difference between a bonding radius and a nonbonding radius?
(c) For a given element, which one is larger?
(d) If a free atom reacts to become part of a molecule, would you say that the atom gets smaller or larger?

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