A major tourist activity is shopping. Travel researchers estimate that nearly one-third of total travel expenditures are used on shopping for souvenirs (Journal of Travel Research, May 2011). To investigate the impact of gender on souvenir shopping, a survey of 3.200 tourists was conducted. One question asked how often the tourist purchases photographs, postcards, or paintings of the region visited. Responses were recorded as "Always." "Often," "Occasionally," or "Rarely or Never." The table shows the percentages of tourists responding in each category, by gender.

a. Based on the percentages shown in the table, do you think male and female tourists differ in their responses to purchasing photographs, postcards, or paintings? Why are these percentages alone insufficient to draw a conclusion about the true response category proportions?
b. Assume that 1,500 males and 1,700 females participated in the survey. Use these sample sizes and the percentages in the table to compute the counts of tourists in each of the Response/Gender categories. This represents the contingency table for the study.
c. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether male and female tourists differ in their responses to purchasing photographs, postcards, or paintings.
d. An SPSS printout of the contingency table analysis is shown below. Locate the test statistic and p-value on the printout.
e. Make the appropriate conclusion using α = .01.
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Photos, Postcards, Paintings Male Tourist Female Tourist Always Often Occasionally Rarely or never Totals 16% 27 35 28% 31 29 12 100% 100% RESPONSE GENDER Crosstabulation GENDER emaleMale Total RESPONSE 1:Always 476 Expected Count380.4 3358716.0 527 Expected Count495.1 4369 932.0 493 Expected Count540.8477.2 1018.0 204 Expected Count 283.7 250.3 534.0 1700 Expected Count 1700.0 1500.0 3200.0 Count 240 716 2:Often Count 405 932 3:0ccasionally Count 525 1018 RarelyiNever Count 330 534 Total Count 1500 3200 Chi-Square Tests Asymp. Sig 2-sided) Value df Pearson Chi-Square112433 113.788 3200 Likelihood Ratio N of Valid Cases .000 a. 0 cells (0 0%) have expected count less than 5, The minimum expected count is 250.31