A recent study indicates that people tend to select video game avatars with characteristics similar to those of their creators (Bélisle & Onur, 2010). Participants who had created avatars for a virtual community game completed a questionnaire about their personalities. An independent group of viewers examined the avatars and recorded their impressions of the avatars. One personality characteristic considered was introverted/extroverted. The following frequency distribution of personalities for participants and the avatars they created.

a. Is there a significant relationship between the personalities of the participants and the personalities of their avatars? Test with α = .05.
b. Compute the phi-coefficient to measure the size of the effect.

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Participant Personality Extroverted 23 Introverted Introverted Avatar 22 45 Extroverted Avatar 39 55 16 38 62