An advertising company evaluated three types of television ads for a new, low-cost, subcompact automobile: visual-appeal ads, budget-appeal ads, and feature-appeal ads. To control for age differences, viewers from four age groups were chosen to evaluate the persuasiveness of the ads (as measured on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 represented the lowest level of persuasion and 10 the higher). Within each age group were six viewers; two each were randomly assigned to view one of the three types of ads. The sample persuasion scores are presented in the following table.

a. Form the table of sample means for these data, and comment on observed patterns.
b. The data may be analyzed by using a two-way ANOVA. Determine the ANOVA table for these data.
c. Analyze the accompanying computer output to determine whether significant main effects exist due to ad type and viewer age and whether these factors significantly interact.

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Type of Ad Viewer Age Visual Appeal (V) Budget Appeal (B) Feature Appeal (F) 18-25 years 26-35 year 36-45 years 46 and older 6.5 7,6 8.9 10, 9 8,7 9. 10 9,8 10,8 5,4 4, 8 4, 2 5.4