An article in the ACI Materials Journal (Vol. 84, 1987, pp. 213€“216) describes several experiments investigating the rodding of concrete to remove entrapped air. A 3-inch x 6-inch cylinder was used, and the number of times this rod was used is the design variable. The resulting compressive strength of the concrete specimen is the response. The data are shown in the following table.

(a) Is there any difference in compressive strength due to the rodding level?
(b) Find the P-value for the F-statistic in part (a).
(c) Analyze the residuals from this experiment. What conclusions can you draw about the underlying model assumptions?

Rodding Level Compressive Strength 1530 1530 1440 10 15 1650 1500 1610 20 1560 1730 1530 25 1500 1490 1510