As mentioned in the chapter, opinion-polling organizations contact their respondents by sampling random telephone numbers. Although interviewers can reach about 62% of U.S. households, the percentage of those contacted who agree to cooperate with the survey fell from 43% in 1997 to 14% in 2012. Each household, of course, is independent of the others. Using the cooperation rate from 2012,
a) What is the probability that the next household on the list will be contacted but will refuse to cooperate?
b) What is the probability of failing to contact a household or of contacting the household but not getting them to agree to the interview?
c) Show another way to calculate the probability in part b.