Business Ethics (Fall 2005) reported on a survey designed to rank master in business administration (MBA) programs worldwide on how well they prepare students for social and environmental stewardship. Each business school was ranked according to four criteria: student exposure (class time dedicated to social and environmental issues), student opportunity (courses with social and environmental content), course content (courses emphasize business as a force for positive social and environmental change), and faculty research (published articles that examine business in a social/ environmental context). Each area was rated from 1 star (lowest rating) to 5 stars (highest rating). Overall, Stanford University received the top ranking, followed by ESADE (Spain), York University (Canada), Monterrey Technical Institute (Mexico), and the University of Notre Dame. A summary of the rankings (star ratings) for the top 30 MBA programs is shown in the table.

a. Illustrate the differences and similarities of the star-ranking distributions for the four different criteria.
b. Give a plausible reason why there were no 1-star ratings for the 30 MBA programs.

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5 4 32 1 Stars Stars Stars Stars Star Total Criteria Student Exposure 2 14 5 0 30 Student Opportunity 3 10 14 3 0 30 Course Content Faculty Research310 1 4 0 28 3 9 17 1 0 30