Engineering Economy 15th edition William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick Koelling - Solutions

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Your company is building a computer network, and you are asked to write an algorithm for achieving distributed mutual exclusion. Which scheme will you use? Explain your choice.
Why is deadlock detection much more expensive in a distributed environment than it is in a centralized environment?
Your company is building a computer network, and you are asked to develop a scheme for dealing with the deadlock problem. a. Would you use a deadlock-detection scheme or a deadlockprevention scheme? b. If you were to use a deadlock-prevention scheme, which one would you use? Explain your choice. c.
Under what circumstances does the wait-die scheme perform better than the wound-wait scheme for granting resources to concurrently executing transactions?
Consider the centralized and the fully distributed approaches to deadlock detection. Compare the two algorithms in terms of message complexity.
Consider the following hierarchical deadlock-detection algorithm, in which the global wait-for graph is distributed over a number of different controllers, which are organized in a tree. Each non-leaf controller maintains a wait-for graph that contains relevant information from the graphs of the
Derive an election algorithm for bidirectional rings that is more efficient than the one presented in this chapter. How many messages are needed for n processes?
Explain the rationale for using stock prices to infer default risk.
Which derivative has a zero credit exposure at expiration, a 5-year interest-rate swap or a 5-year currency swap?
The Basel II capital charges are additive. Generally, economic capital cannot be decomposed into a simple sum. Explain the meaning of portfolio invariance and how this is applied to the Basel II credit-risk charges.
What makes credit risk more difficult for quantification and backtesting than market risk?
Explain why the distribution of credit-risk gains and losses is similar to a short position in an option. Discuss loans and derivatives.
For B-rated borrower, S&P gives cumulative default probabilities of 6.24 and 14.33 percent for a 1- and 2-year horizon, respectively. Compute the (marginal) probability that this borrower will default during year 2.
Compare the number with the default rate in Table 18-2. Discuss what could explain the difference.
Identify the following environments as either hard or soft real-time. a. Thermostat in a household. b. Control system for a nuclear power plant. c. Fuel economy system in an automobile. d. Landing system in a jet airliner.
Discuss ways in which the priority inversion problem could be addressed in a real time system. Also discuss whether the solutions could be implemented within the context of a proportional share scheduler.
The Linux 2.6 kernel can be built with no virtual memory system. Explain how this feature may appeal to designers of real-time systems.
Under what circumstances is the rate monotonic scheduling inferior to earliest deadline first scheduling in meeting the deadlines associated with processes?
Consider two processes P1 and P2 where P1 = 50, t1 = 25 and P2 = 75, t2 = 30. a. Can these two processes be scheduled using rate monotonic scheduling? Illustrate your answer using a Gantt chart. b. Illustrate the scheduling of these two processes using earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling.
What are the various components of interrupt and dispatch latency?
Explain why interrupt and dispatch latency times must be bounded in a hard real-time system.
Assume that the tail loss distribution for losses in millions of dollars, in excess of $1 million, is modeled by an exponential distribution with scale parameter b = 0.75. Compute the worst loss at the 99th percent confidence level.
What are the pros and cons of mitigating operational risk by purchasing insurance?
Describe the AM A approach to regulatory capital, and explain why it should be superior to the basic indicator approach and the standardized approach.
What are the pros and cons of bottom-up models versus top-down models?
Describe the loss-distribution approach. What are the two types of risk factors used to determine the distribution of annual losses?
Why is it hard to measure operational risk?
The following table contains a number of requests with their associated deadlines and cylinders. Requests with deadlines occurring within 100 milliseconds of each other will be batched. The disk head is currently at cylinder 94 and is moving toward cylinder 95. If SCAN-EDF disk scheduling is used,
Contrast unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting as techniques for delivering content across a computer network.
Describe why HTTP is often insufficient for delivering streaming media.
What operating principle is used by the CineBlitz system in performing admission control for requests for media files?
Distinguish between progressive download and real-time streaming.
Which of the following types of real-time streaming applications can tolerate delay? Which can tolerate jitter? • Live real-time streaming • On-demand real-time streaming
Discuss what techniques could be used to meet quality of service requirements for multimedia applications in the following components of a system:• Process scheduler• Disk scheduler• Memory manager
Explain why the traditional Internet protocols for transmitting data are not sufficient to provide the quality of service guarantees required for a multimedia system. Discuss what changes are required to provide the QoS guarantees.
Assume that a digital video file is being displayed at a rate of 30 frames per second; the resolution of each frame is 640 × 480, and 24 bits are being used to represent each color. Assuming that no compression is being used, what is the bandwidth necessary to deliver this file? Next, assuming
Assume that we wish to compress a digital video file using MPEG-1 technology. The target bit rate is 1.5 Mbps. If the video is displayed at a resolution of 352 × 240 at 30 frames per second using 24 bits to represent each color, what is the necessary compression ratio to achieve the desired bit
Consider two processes, P1 and P2, where p1 = 50, t1 = 25, p2 = 75, and t2 = 30. a. Can these two processes be scheduled using rate monotonic scheduling? Illustrate your answer using a Gantt chart. b. Illustrate the scheduling of these two processes using earliest deadline- first (EDF) scheduling.
Define legal risk. How can the use of standardized contracts help to reduce legal risk?
Suppose that a bank has an investment initially worth $200 million in Argentinean government debt, of which half is in dollars and the other half in the local currency. The currency then depreciates by 30 percent. The government then defaults on the dollar debt and repays 20 percent. Compute the
A bank enters a swap with a gas-producing company where the company pays a fixed price for gas. Discuss whether this type of trade is a wrong-way trade or not.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of writing an operating system in a high-level language, such as C?
The Linux scheduler implements soft real-time scheduling. What features are missing that are necessary for some real-time programming tasks? How might they be added to the kernel?
What scenarios would cause a page of memory to be mapped into an user program's address space with the copy-on-write attribute enabled?
In Linux, shared libraries perform many operations central to the operating system. What is the advantage of keeping this functionality out of the kernel? Are there any drawbacks? Explain your answer.
The directory structure of a Linux operating system could comprise of files corresponding to different file systems, including the Linux /proc file system. What are the implications that arise from having to support different file system types on the structure of the Linux kernel?
In what ways does the Linux setuid feature differ from the setuid feature in standard Unix?
The Linux source code is freely and widely available over the Internet or from CD-Rom vendors. What three implications does this availability have on the security of the Linux system?
In what circumstances is the system-call sequence fork() exec() most appropriate? When is vfork() preferable?
What socket type should be used to implement an inter computer file transfer program? What type should be used for a program that periodically tests to see whether another computer is up on the network? Explain your answer.
Linux runs on a variety of hardware platforms. What steps must the Linux developers take to ensure that the system is portable to different processors and memory-management architectures, and to minimize the amount of architecture-specific kernel code?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of making only some of the symbols defined inside a kernel accessible to a loadable kernel module?
Discuss how the clone() operation supported by Linux is used to support both processes and threads.
Would one classify Linux threads as user-level threads or as kernel-level threads? Support your answer with the appropriate arguments.
What are the extra costs incurred by the creation and scheduling of a process, as compared to the cost of a cloned thread?
Discuss why marking to market is the preferred method to value derivatives positions as opposed to methods based on historical costs.
An option desk uses the Black-Scholes model to price eurodollar options. What type of risk could this create?
Define VAR arbitrage and give an example.
Describe how the widespread use of VAR could create systemic risk and whether there is any empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis.
A corporate fixed-income portfolio has been duration-hedged using Treasury bond futures. As a result, what risk factors is the portfolio exposed to?
Under what circumstances would one use the deferred procedure calls facility in Windows XP?
How does the NTFS directory structure differ from the directory structure used in Unix operating systems?
What is a process, and how is it managed inWindows XP?
What is the fiber abstraction provided by Windows XP? How does it differ from the threads abstraction?
What is a handle, and how does a process obtain a handle?
Describe the management scheme of the virtual memory manager. How does the VM manager improve performance?
Describe an useful application of the no-access page facility provided in Windows XP?
The IA64 processors contain registers that can be used to address a 64-bit address space. However, Windows XPlimits the address space of user programs to 8-TB, which corresponds to 43 bits' worth. Why was this decision made?
Describe the three techniques used for communicating data in a local procedure call. What different settings are most conducive for the application of the different message passing techniques?
What manages cache in Windows XP? How is cache managed?
What is the purpose of the Windows16 execution environment? What limitations are imposed on the programs executing inside this environment? What are the protection guarantees provided between different applications executing inside the Windows16 environment? What are the protection guarantees
Describe two user-mode processes that Windows XP provides to enable it to run programs developed for other operating systems.
Discuss what considerations were taken into account by the computer operator in deciding in what sequences programs would be run on early computer systems that were manually operated.
What were the various optimizations used to minimize the discrepancy between CPU and I/O speeds on early computer systems?
Consider the page replacement algorithm used by Atlas. In what ways is it different from the clock algorithm discussed in an earlier chapter?
Consider the multilevel feedback queue used by CTSS and Multics. Consider a program that consistently uses 7 time units everytime it is scheduled before it performs an I/O operation and blocks. How many time units are allocated to this program when it is scheduled for execution at different points
What are the implications of supporting BSD functionality in usermode servers within the Mach operating system?
Stan Moneymaker needs 15 gallons of gasoline to top off his automobile's gas tank. If he drives an extra eight miles (round trip) to a gas station on the outskirts of town, Stan can save $0.10 per gallon on the price of gasoline. Suppose gasoline costs $3.00 per gallon and Stan's car gets 25 mpg
Often it makes a lot of sense to spend some money now so you can save more money in the future. Consider filtered water. A high-tech water filter costs about $50 and can filter 7,200 ounces of water. This will save you purchasing two 20-ounce bottles of filtered water every day, each costing $1.00.
The manufacturer of Brand A automobile tires claims that its tire can save 110 gallons of fuel over 55,000 miles of driving, as compared to a popular competitor (Brand B). If gasoline costs $3.00 per gallon, how much per mile driven does this tire save the customer (Brand A versus Brand B)?
During your first month as an employee at Greenfield Industries (a large drill-bit manufacturer), you are asked to evaluate alternatives for producing a newly designed drill bit on a turning machine. Your boss' memorandum to you has practically no information about what the alternatives are and
Consider this situation faced by a first-semester senior in civil engineering who is exhausted from extensive job interviewing and penniless from excessive partying. Mary's impulse is to accept immediately a highly attractive job offer to work in her brother's successful manufacturing company. She
While studying for the engineering economy final exam, you and two friends find yourselves craving a fresh pizza. You can't spare the time to pick up the pizza and must have it delivered. "Pick-Up-Sticks" offers a 1-1/4-inch-thick (including toppings), 20-inch square pizza with your choice of two
Storm doors have been installed on 50% of all homes in Anytown, USA. The remaining 50% of homeowners without storm doors think they may have a problem that a storm door could solve, but they're not sure. Use Activities 1, 2, and 3 in the engineering design process (Table 1-1) to help these
Mr. Deb purchased a new car but met with an accident a few days after the purchase. He does not like walking, riding a bike or taking the bus. An automobile agency offers him $3000 for the wrecked car. His insurance company estimates that there is $3,000 in damages to the car. Because his policy
What you do at work is your boss' business is a timely warning for all employees to heed. Last year, your company installed a new computer surveillance program in an effort to improve office productivity. As a courtesy, all employees were informed of this change. The license for the software costs
Owing to the rising cost of copper, in 1982 the U.S. Mint changed the composition of pennies from 95% copper (and 5% zinc) to 2.5% copper (and 97.5% zinc) to save money. Your favorite aunt has a collection of 5,000 pennies minted before 1982, and she intends on gifting the collection to you. a.
Assume that your employer is a manufacturing firm that produces several different electronic consumer products. What are five nonmonetary factors (attributes) that may be important when a significant change is considered in the design of the current bestselling product?
Tyler just wrecked his new Nissan, and the accident was his fault. The owner of the other vehicle got two estimates for the repairs: one was for $803 and the other was for $852. Tyler is thinking of keeping the insurance companies out of the incident to keep his driving record "clean." Tyler's
MIT has designed an environmentally friendly car which will run on biodiesel. Biodiesel jean be produced from the Jatropha plant for about $0.2 per liter and blended with gasoline costing 0.8 per liter. The mixture costs $0.5 per liter. Assume that fuel I consumption is 15 km per liter and engine
The Russian air force is being called on this year to intercept storms advancing on Moscow and to seed them with dry ice and silver iodine particles. The idea is to make the snow drop on villages in the countryside instead of piling up in Moscow. The cost of this initiative will be 180 million
A machine shop recommends that dielectric fluid should be replaced in the EDM process after 500 hours but the user's manual suggests changing the fluid every 700 hours. If a mechanic runs a machine 3,000 hours in a year and replaces the fluid after every 800 hours, the fluid costs $0.8. How much
A company in the process industry produces a chemical compound that is sold to manufacturers for use in the production of certain plastic products. The plant that produces the compound employs approximately 300 people. Develop a list of six different cost elements that would be fixed and a similar
In your own words, describe the life-cycle cost concept. Why is the potential for achieving life-cycle cost savings greatest in the acquisition phase of the life cycle?
A big manufacturing concern runs a number of machine tools, each with a maximum production capacity of 150 items per day. The management of the company claims that the economic breakeven point with these machines is 70 items per day. a. Draw a conceptual graph to show the total revenue and total
A company manufactures microprocessors for computers whose cost function is given by C = 6X + 9, where X is the number of microprocessors. The selling price per unit is P = 30 - 3X and maximum output of the plant is 5000 units per month.a. Determine the optimum demand for this product.b. What is
A firm operates in a perfectly competitive market whose total cost varies as TC = X3 - 3X2 - 10X + 2, and the price of the product they manufacture is given by P = 130 - 2X, where X is number of units of output. a. What optimum number of units should be produced in order to maximize profits? b.
A large wood products company is negotiating a contract to sell plywood overseas. The fixed cost that can be allocated to the production of plywood is $900,000 per month. The variable cost per thousand board feet is $131.50. The price charged will be determined by p = $600 - (0.05)D per 1,000 board
A company produces and sells a consumer product and is able to control the demand for the product by varying the selling price. The approximate relationship between price and demand iswhere p is the price per unit in dollars and D is the demand per month. The company is seeking to maximize its
An electric power plant uses solid waste for fuel in the production of electricity. The cost Y in dollars per hour to produce electricity is Y = 12 + 0.3X + 0.27X2, where X is in megawatts. Revenue in dollars per hour from the sale of electricity is 15X - 0.2X2. Find the value of X that gives

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Engineering Economy 15th edition William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick Koelling - Solutions

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