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financial accounting
Questions and Answers of
Financial Accounting
Explain why mutual funds are attractive to small investors. How can mutual funds generate returns to their shareholders?
According to research, have mutual funds outperformed the market? Explain. Would mutual funds be attractive to some investors even if they are not expected to outperform the market? Explain.
How do money market funds differ from other types of mutual funds in terms of how they use the money invested by shareholders? Which security do money market funds invest in most often? How can a
Explain the relative risk of the various types of securities in which a money market fund may invest.
Is the value of a money market fund or a bond fund more susceptible to increasing interest rates? Explain.
Explain why diversification across different types of mutual funds is highly recommended.
Explain the difference between equity REITs and mortgage REITs. Which type would likely be a better hedge against high inflation? Why?
Compare the portfolio managers of closed-end funds with an open-end fund. Given the differences in the fund characteristics, explain why the portfolio manager's management of liquidity is different
Explain why hedge funds may be able to achieve higher returns for their investors than mutual funds. Explain why the risk of hedge funds may differ from mutual funds. When the market is overvalued,
Describe private equity funds. How can they improve business conditions? Money that had previously been invested by individual and institutional investors in stocks is now being invested in private
Explain the difference between how equity mutual funds generate returns for their investors, versus how private equity funds generate returns for their investors. Which fund do you think would be
In recent years, private equity funds have grown substantially. Will the creation of private equity funds increase the semi-strong form of market efficiency in the stock market? Explain.
Describe how some hedge funds accessed information from analysts in their attempt to have an edge over other investors. Describe how regulations were imposed to limit this access.
Explain the motivation of hedge funds to rely on expert networks in recent years.
Like mutual funds, commercial banks and stock-owned savings institutions sell shares; yet, proceeds received by mutual funds are used in a different way. Explain.
Support or refute the following statement: Investors can avoid all types of risk by purchasing a mutual fund that contains only Treasury bonds.
Explain how changing foreign currency values can affect the performance of international mutual funds.
Explain how the Financial Reform Act of 2010 applies to hedge funds.
A critic recently claimed that hedge funds cause market volatility to increase when they publicize (and document) that a public corporation exaggerated its earnings. The critic argued that hedge
a. "Just because a mutual fund earns 20 percent return in one year, that does not mean that investors should rush into it. The fund's performance must be market-adjusted." b. "An international mutual
a. An investment adviser recommends that you buy four different U.S. growth stock funds. Since these funds contain over 400 different U.S. stocks, the adviser says that you will be well insulated
a. Explain the interaction between Carson and Venus. How would Venus serve Carson's needs, and how would Carson serve the needs of Venus? b. Why does Carson interact with Venus Mutual Fund instead of
Explain the role of the SEC, FINRA, and the stock exchanges in regulating the securities industry.
Explain the process of proprietary trading by securities firms. How was it affected by the Volcker Rule?
Explain why securities firms have used a high level of financial leverage in the past. Explain how the leverage affects their expected return and their risk.
Why was the Federal Reserve concerned about systemic risk due to the financial problems of Bear Stearns?
Why do securities firms typically have some inside information that could affect future stock prices of other firms?
Most securities firms experience poor profit performance after periods in which the stock market performs poorly. Given what you know about securities firms, offer some possible reasons for these
Explain how the credit crisis encouraged some securities firms to convert to a bank holding company (BHC) structure. Why might the expected return on equity be lower for securities firms that
How did the Financial Services Modernization Act affect securities firms?
What impact has the SEC's Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) had on securities firms?
How do securities firms facilitate leveraged buyouts? Why are securities firms that are more capable of raising funds in the capital markets preferred by corporations that need advice on proposed
Describe the origination process for corporations that are about to issue new stock.
Describe the underwriting function of a securities firm.
What is a best-efforts agreement?
Why did Lehman Brothers experience financial problems during the credit crisis?
Describe a direct placement of bonds. What is an advantage of a private placement? What is a disadvantage?
Explain why securities firms from the United States have expanded into foreign markets.
Should large securities firms be allowed to be independent and insulated from bank regulation, or should they be required to register as bank holding companies, and therefore be subject to bank
a. "The stock prices of most securities firms took a hit because of the recent increase in interest rates." b. "Now that commercial banks are allowed more freedom to offer securities services, there
a. The securities firm relies heavily on full-service brokerage commissions. Do you think that heavy reliance on these brokerage commissions is risky? Explain. b. If this firm attempts to enter the
a. Explain how Kelly Investment Company can serve Carson and how it will serve other clients as well when it serves Carson. Also explain how Carson Company can serve Kelly Investment Company. b. In
How is whole life insurance a form of savings to policyholders?
Discuss the liquidity risk experienced by life insurance companies and by property and casualty (PC) insurance companies.
What purpose do property and casualty (PC) insurance companies serve? Explain how the characteristics of PC insurance and life insurance differ.
Explain the concept of cash flow underwriting.
Explain how a life insurance company's asset portfolio may be affected by inflation.
Explain the adverse selection problem and the moral hazard problem in insurance. Gorton Insurance Co. wants to properly price the insurance for car accidents. If Gorton wants to avoid the adverse
How do whole life and term insurance differ from the perspective of insurance companies? From the perspective of the policyholders?
Identify the characteristics of universal life insurance.
Explain group plan life insurance.
What are the main assets of life insurance companies? Identify the main categories. What is the main use of funds by life insurance companies?
How do insurance companies finance the real estate market?
What is a policy loan? When is it popular? Why?
Why did the government rescue AIG?
How do insurance companies manage credit risk and liquidity risk?
Consider a life insurance company that needs to ensure that it can make a steady stream of payments over time to beneficiaries of its policyholders. Assume that the compensation for the insurance
a. The insurance company has recently sold a large amount of bonds and invested the proceeds in real estate. Its logic was that this would reduce the exposure of the assets to interest rate risk. Do
a. Explain the interaction between Carson Company and Secura. How will Secura serve Carson's needs, and how will Carson serve Secura's needs? b. Why does Carson interact with Secura Insurance Company
Why might pension funds be exposed to interest rate risk? How can pension funds reduce their exposure to interest rate risk?
Explain how some government defined-benefit plans have become underfunded as a result of overestimating their rate of return on investment.
Explain how an underfunded public pension fund can affect the debt rating of a city or state.
Explain the potential for corruption when a trustee has the power to determine who will manage a pension fund.
Describe a defined-benefit pension plan. Describe a defined-contribution plan, and explain why it differs from a defined-benefit plan.
Explain how pension funds participate in financial markets.
Explain how the governance over corporations by a pension fund can help to enhance the performance of the pension fund.
Explain the meaning of a pension plan's vesting schedule.
Explain how pension plans provide tax benefits.
What type of general guidelines may be specified for a trust that is managing a pension fund?
Explain the general difference in the composition of pension portfolios managed by trusts versus those managed by insurance companies. Why does this difference occur?
Consider a state pension fund that needs to generate a series of fixed payments for its retirees. Yet, assume that its compensation for its portfolio managers is tied to the return earned on the
a. "The city is now broke because of its pensions." b. "Defined-contribution plans would prevent politicians from buying votes in a state." c. "Public pension funds govern corporations but also need
a. Explain the role of the portfolio managers who manage the pension fund. What is their primary role? b. Explain the tradeoff between investing in bonds versus stock for the purpose of providing
a. One explanation for the underfunding of the defined-benefit plan is that the economy was weak recently, and financial markets were weak, and this was the cause of the underfunding. If so, the
What is the general definition of the financial management function? Give an example of a financial management function that an individual might perform.
List a capital budgeting decision, a capital structure decision, and a working capital management decision a business might make?
In what type of accounting system must debits always equal credits? What is the accounting identity? What is the connection between "debits always equal credits" and the accounting identity?
Who receives the annual reports of a company? What effect does regulation fair disclosure have on the distribution of financial information?
Why is the term residual claimant applied to a shareholder (owner) of a business?
What does an increase in net working capital mean with regard to cash flow?
How does a company return money to debt lenders? How do you determine how much was returned over the past year?
From the balance sheet accounts listed below:a. Construct a balance sheet for 2013 and 2014.b. List all the working capital accounts.c. Find the net working capital for the years ending 2013 and
What are the net fixed assets for the years 2013 and 2014?
Find the cash flow from assets for 2014 and break it down into its three parts: operating cash flow, capital spending, and change in net working capital?
Find the cash flow to creditors for 2014 by parts and total, with the parts being interest income paid and increases in borrowing?
Find the cash flow to owners for 2014 by parts and total, with the parts being dividends paid and increase in borrowing?
For PepsiCo for the most recent year explain the difference between net income and the change in cash and equivalents. In other words, why is the profit or loss of PepsiCo different from the change
From the income statement accounts below: a. Produce the income statement for the year b. Produce the operating cash flow for the year Income Statement Accounts for the Year Ending 2014 Cost of Goods
From the following balance sheet accounts:a. Construct a balance sheet for 2013 and 2014b. List all the working capital accountsc. Find the net working capital for the years ending 2013 and 2014d.
From the following income statement accounts a. Produce the income statement for the year b. Produce the operating cash flow for the year Income Statement Accounts for the Year Ending 2014 Cost of
Complete the partial income statement if the company paid interest expense of $18,000 for 2014 and had an overall tax rate of 40% for 2014?
Complete the balance sheet (find accumulated depreciation for 2014 first)?
Complete the statement of retained earnings for 2014 and determine the dividends paid last year?
The Top Class Company had revenues of $925,000in 2014. Its operating expenses (excluding depreciation) amounted to $325,000,depreciation charges were $125,000, and interest costs totaled $55,000.If
The West Hanover Clay Co. had, at the beginning of the fiscal year, November 1, 2013, retained earnings of $425,000. During the year ended October 31, 2014, the company generated net income after
The Mid-American Farm Products Corporation provided the following financial information for the quarter ending September 30, 2014: Depreciation and amortization - $75,000 Net Income -
When a lottery price is offered as $10,000,000 but will pay out a series of $250,000 payments over forty years, is it really a $10,000,000 lottery prize?
Define a growth rate and a discount rate. What is the difference between them?
Is the present value always less than the future value?
Standard Insurance is developing a long-life insurance policy for people that outlive their retirement nest egg. The policy will pay out $250,000 on your eighty-fifth birthday. You must buy the
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