Caterpillar Inc. (CAT) is a world leader in the manufacture of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, and industrial gas turbines. CAT reported the following in a disclosure note accompanying its 2013 financial statements:

Also, Note 8 disclosed that the total cost of property, plant, and equipment included $688 and $723 (dollars in millions) in land at the end of 2013 and 2012, respectively. In addition, the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013, reported the following as cash flows from investing activities:
($ in millions)
Payments for property, plant and equipment ............................ $(4,446)
Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment ......... 844
The statement of cash flows also reported 2013 depreciation and amortization of $3,087 million (depreciation of $2,710 and amortization of $377).
Required:
1. Assume that all property, plant, and equipment acquired during 2013 were purchased for cash. Determine the amount of gain or loss from dispositions of property, plant, and equipment that Caterpillar recognized during 2013.
2. Assume that Caterpillar uses the straight-line method to depreciate plant and equipment. What is the approximate average service life of CAT's depreciable assets?

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2013 2012 (S in millions) Property, plant and equipment Less: Accumulated depreciation Property, plant and equipment - Net $31,316 $29,932 (14,241) (13,471) $17,075 $16,461