Cheng and Lam (2007) noted that some people think of themselves independently of others (independent self construal),

Question:

Cheng and Lam (2007) noted that some people think of themselves independently of others (independent self construal), whereas others think of themselves as being part of a larger group (interdependent self-construal). Also, people tend to evaluate themselves as being more positive when they compare themselves to others perceived to be below them (downward comparison), and they evaluate themselves as being less positive when they compare themselves to others perceived to be above them (upward comparison). To test whether there is a relationship between these two factors, the researchers computed a two-way between-subjects ANOVA. Participants rated their self-perception on a scale from 1 (negative) to 7 (positive). The following table describes the cell means at each level of the two factors.