Figure 61 displays a scatterplot that compares the percentage of adults who exercise with the percentage of adults who are obese for each of the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and District of Columbia.

a. Explain why the red dot in the scatterplot might be considered an outlier. What does this mean in this situation? The dot represents Puerto Rico. Why might this make sense?
b. In part (a), you analyzed a possible outlier. Describe the other three characteristics of an association. You do not have to compute r.
c. There are 5 states in which approximately 33% of the residents exercise. For each of those 5 states, estimate the percentage of residents who are obese. Then find the range of those values. Does the range check with your analysis of the strength of the association in part (b)? Explain.
d. On the basis of the scatterplot, a student concludes that exercise and obesity are negatively associated in Niger, which has had large-scale famine in recent years. What would you tell the student?

Exercise versus Obesity 35 30 25 20 15 15 20 25 30 35 40 Percentage who exercise