Motor or sensory disturbances - Symptoms incompatible with medical findings illness anxiety disorder somatic symptom and related disorders factitious disorder imposed on self DSM criteria for conversion disorder

DSM criteria for conversion disorder

Psychopathology - Somatic & Dissociative Disorder

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Psychology - Abnormal Psychology

andrsonztdc Created by 10 mon ago

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prominent physical or bodily symptoms associated with significant impairment or distress; actual physical illnesses may or may not be present

primarily caused by psychological factors - symptoms trigger excessive anxiety or concern - factitious disorder - conversion disorder - somatic symptom disorder - illness anxiety disorder - psychological factors affecting other medical conditions

person experiences at least one upsetting or repeatedly disrupt physical symptom - person experiences an unreasonable number of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the nature or implications of the physical symptoms, including one of the following: repeated, excessive thoughts about their seriousness; continual high anxiety about their nature or health implications; disproportionate amounts of time and energy spent on the symptoms or their health implications - physical symptoms usually continue to some degree for more than 6 months

Preoccupation with health and excessive worry about serious illness - No somatic symptoms or very mild symptoms - Excessive health anxiety- Repeatedly checks for signs of illness or avoids medical contract for fear that illness will be confirmed

Motor or sensory disturbances - Symptoms incompatible with medical findings

Somatic disorders have. much in common with what other group of disorders?

Both somatic disorders and stressor and related disorders may occur in response to _________________

false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, even without external rewards for such ailments - presentation of oneself as ill, damaged, or hurt

Both somatic disorders and stressor and related disorders have traditionally been viewed as forms of ______________

false creation of physical psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, even without external rewards - presentation of oneself as ill, damaged, or hurt - Munchausen syndrome

false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, in another person, even without external rewards - presentation of another person (victim) as ill, damaged, or hurt - munchausen syndrome by proxy

a disorder in which an individual feigns or induces physical symptoms, typically for the purpose of assuming the role of a sick person

false creation of physcial or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, in another person, even without external rewards for such ailments - presentation of another person (victim) as ill, damaged, or hurt

poor social support or relationships and little family life - extensive medical treatment in childhood - grudge against medical profession - employment as nurse, lab technician, or aide - psychotherapists and medical practitioners often become annoyed or angry at such

What are the causes of factitious disorder?

What are the treatments for factitious disorder?

pattern of reporting and reacting to pain or other distressing symptoms for at least 6 months and involves persistent thoughts or high anxiety - person remains convinced they have a serious disease even when tests rule out illness

What did illness anxiety disorder used to be called?

chronic pattern of preoccupation with having or contracting a serious illness for at least 6 months - involves minimal or no somatic symptoms - high anxiety level - strongly associated with a person's cognitions

motor, sensory, or seizure-like symptoms inconsistent with any recognized medical disorder- motor weakness and abnormal movements

Who are conversion disorder symptoms most common in?

Individuals who have conversion disorder are not doing what?

conversion in which the entire hand, extending from the fingertips to the wrist, becomes numb

What were conversion and somatic symptom disorders previously called?

MULTIPATH: - innate sensitivity to body sensations - lower threshold for pain- history of illness or injury- impaired neural connectivity

MULTIPATH: - bodily sensation preoccupation - anxiety or stressful event producing physical reactions - catastrophic thoughts regarding bodily sensations - social isolation

MULTIPATH: - parental models for injury or illness - reinforcement from others for physical symptoms - attention and escape from responsibilities

MULTIPATH: - economic stressors - degree of knowledge about medical concepts - cultural acceptance of physical symptoms

What are biological vulnerabilities of somatic symptom and related disorders?

___________________________ has been found in brain regions associated with symptoms of somatic symptom and related disorders

symptoms seen as defense against awareness of unconsciousness emotional issues - primary and secondary gain

cause: reinforcement, modeling, cognitions, or combination of these - idea that somatic disorders may develop in predisposed individuals

What are some social dimension factors of somatic symptom and related disorders?

What are some sociocultural risk factors for somatic symptom and related disorders?

What are some biological treatments for somatic symptom disorders?

What are some psychological treatments for somatic symptom disorders?

person cannot recall important life-related information, typically traumatic or stressful information. The memory problem is more than simple forgetting - significant distress or impairment - the symptoms are not caused by a substance or medical condition

sudden confusion, e.g., wandering to a new area with inability to recall one's past and confusion about personal identity

persistent changes in perception and detachment from one's own thoughts and body - may feel things are unreal or a sense of being in a dreamlike state - intact reality testing

person experiences a disruption to his or her identity, as reflected by at least two separate personality states or experiences of possession - person repeatedly experiences memory gaps regarding daily events, key personal information, or traumatic events, beyond ordinary forgetting - significant distress or impairment - the symptoms are not caused by a substance or medical condition

the key to our identity - the sense of who we are and where we fit in our environment is _____________

People with dissociative amnesia are unable to __________________ usually of an ______________ about their lives

often an episode of amnesia is directly triggered by a _______________________

What is the most common type of dissociative amnesia?

loss of memory for some

loss of memory beginning with an event, but extending back in time

forgetting continues into the future

extreme version of dissociative amnesia - people not only forget their personal identities and details of their past, but also flee to an entirely different location - may be brief or more severe

alter personality

two or more distinct personalities - each has a unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions - sudden movement from one subpersonality to another (switching) is usually triggered by stress - at any given time, one of the subpersonalities dominates the person's functioning - most cases are first diagnoses in late adolescence or early adulthood

women are diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder __________ times more than men

subpersonalities have no awareness of one another

each subpersonality is well aware of the rest

most common pattern of subpersonalities

some personalities are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual

Those who are aware ("co-conscious subpersonalities") are called what?

a growing number of clinicians believe that the disorder does exist and are willing to diagnose it - diagnostic procedures have become more accurate

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by _______________

What is the most basic ego defense mechanism?

In the psychodynamic view, dissociative amnesia and fugue are single episodes of _____________

DID is thought to result from what?

Behaviorists believe that dissociative grows from ____________________ and is a response learned through ________________

Like psychodynamic theorists, behaviorists see dissociation as __________________

Also like psychodynamic theorists, behaviorists rely largely on ______________________ to support their view of dissociative disorders

learning becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred, so that it is best remembered under the same conditions - people who are prone to develop dissociative disorders have these links that are unusually rigid and narrow

Although hypnosis can help people remember events that occurred and were forgotten years ago, it can also help people __________ facts, events, and their personal identity

The parallels between hypnotic amnesia and dissociative disorders are striking and have led researchers to conclude that what?

Unlike victims of dissociative amnesia or fugue, people with DID __________ typically recover without treatment

Therapists usually try to help clients with DID do what?

DSM-5 categorizes depersonalization-derealization disorder as a _________________________ disorder, even though it is not characterized by the memory difficulties found in the other disorders in this category

the sense that one's own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached

the sense that one's surroundings are unreal or detached

feeling of detachment from own mental processes or body- observing self from outside - feeling people or objects are unreal or detached

disrupts in memory encoding due to acute stress- permanent structural changes in brain due to trauma may play a role

repression protects the individual from painful memories or conflicts

post-traumatic model of DID - dissociative symptoms develop because of the traumatic experience and inability to cope

brain activation pattern between different personalities - hippocampus and amygdala volume reduction - temporal lobe involvement - neural memory inhibition

hypnotizability or suggestibility - ability to dissociate - exposure to stress or trauma - inability to deal with stress

child abuse or trauma - lack of social support - mislabeling dissociative experiences - latrogenic therapist effects

medial portrayals of dissociative disorders - role enactment - gender factors (DID much more prevalent in women)

individuals learn about DID through mass media and begin to act out its roles

condition unintentionally produced by a therapist through mechanisms placed on the client

What is the main treatment for DID?

help individual develop healthier ways of dealing with stressors - major goal is integration of personalities

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