Understanding Memory, Cognition, and Intelligence: Key Concepts and Processes

Flashcard

Learn Mode

Match

Library

Create

Flashcards

Library

Match (Coming Soon)

Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

georgepetenjk Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(91)

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information is known as _____.

The processing of information into the memory system, such as by extracting meaning, is called _____.

The retention of encoded information over time is referred to as _____.

The process of getting information out of memory storage is known as _____.

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, is called _____.

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort is known as _____.

As rehearsal increases, relearning time decreases, a concept discovered by _____.

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention is known as the _____.

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list is called the _____.

The tendency to recall the first terms of a list is known as the _____.

The tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well is called the _____.

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words, is referred to as _____.

The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words, is known as _____.

The encoding of picture images is referred to as _____.

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurring automatically, is called _____.

Techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information are known as _____.

The conscious repetition of information to maintain it in consciousness or encode it for storage is called _____.

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system is known as _____.

A discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods is called the _____.

The term that describes memory of sounds is _____.

The part of your memory system that contains information you are consciously aware of before it is stored more permanently or forgotten is _____.

Involving or in effect for a number of years, this type of memory is referred to as _____.

A near-perfect ability to recall every episodic memory you've made is known as _____.

Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events are called _____.

An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation, believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory, is called _____.

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare is known as _____.

Retention independent of conscious recollection is referred to as _____.

A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage is called the _____.

Fill in the blank tests vs. multiple-choice tests are examples of _____ vs. recognition.

The tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information is known as the _____.

Stimuli that are used to bring a memory to consciousness or into behavior are called _____.

That eerie sense that 'I've experienced this before,' where cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience, is known as _____.

The inability to retrieve memory from long-term storage is referred to as _____.

Failure to process information into memory is known as _____.

Information that decays over time is an example of _____.

The inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues is called _____.

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information is known as _____.

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is referred to as _____.

Forgetting that occurs when something is so painful or anxiety-laden that remembering it is intolerable is called _____.

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories is known as _____.

Occurs during retrieval, memory is a construct of the mind and therefore can be updated with new info and experiences, a process known as _____.

Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event is referred to as _____.

Absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence are known as the _____.

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating are collectively known as _____.

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is referred to as _____.

A mental image or best example of a category is known as a _____.

A problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work is called _____.

Very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems are known as _____.

Mental shortcuts or 'rules of thumb' that often lead to a solution (but not always) are called _____.

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes is known as the _____.

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory is referred to as the _____.

The tendency to be more confident than correct is often a result of _____.

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem is known as _____.

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved, is called _____.

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past, is known as a _____.

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions, an impediment to problem solving, is called _____.

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence is known as _____.

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. This is known as _____.

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning are collectively known as _____.

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit is called a _____.

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning, which may be a word or a part of a word, is known as a _____.

The appropriate use of language in different contexts is referred to as _____.

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language is known as _____.

The structure of sentences in a language is referred to as _____.

Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition, stating there is an infinite number of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language, according to _____.

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as _____.

Multiple intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist intelligence, a theory proposed by _____.

The idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill is known as _____.

A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test is called _____.

The ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving is referred to as _____.

The ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems is known as _____.

The ability to use information to get along in life and become successful is referred to as _____.

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions is known as _____.

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance is called _____.

Revised Binet's IQ test and established norms for American children; tested a group of young geniuses and followed in a longitudinal study that lasted beyond his own lifetime to show that high IQ does not necessarily lead to wonderful things in life, a study conducted by _____.

He invented the concept of an intelligence quotient (IQ), a concept introduced by _____.

The WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests, developed by _____.

Developed WAIS and WISC (IQ tests), a contribution made by _____.

IQ tests administered to many people at one time; tests are highly verbal and use paper and pencil, known as _____.

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group is referred to as _____.

Consistency of measurement is known as _____.

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to is referred to as _____.

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest is known as _____.

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior, known as _____.

A test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn, known as an _____.

A test designed to assess what a person has learned is called an _____.

By age 3, a child's IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores; depends on the type of intelligence, crystallized or fluid, a concept related to whether _____.

Reading, spelling, writing, recognizing emotions, and spatial memory are areas where _____.

Higher levels of math and spatial skills are areas where _____.

The tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another is referred to as _____.

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype is known as _____.

Ask Our AI Tutor

Get Instant Help with Your Questions

Need help understanding a concept or solving a problem? Type your question below, and our AI tutor will provide a personalized answer in real-time!

How it works

Ask any academic question, and our AI tutor will respond instantly with explanations, solutions, or examples.

Get Started

Browse questions and discover topic-based flashcards
Practice with engaging flashcards designed for each subject
Strengthen memory with concise, effective learning tools

Discover By Topic

Understanding Memory, Cognition, and Intelligence: Key Concepts and Processes

Related Decks