Memory Processes and Types: Encoding, Storage and Retrieval in Cognitive Science

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Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

andrsonztdc Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(56)

What is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information?

What is the initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant?

Which type of memory holds information for 15 to 25 seconds?

What type of memory stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve?

Which type of memory reflects information from the visual system?

What type of memory stores auditory information coming from the ears?

What is a group of separate pieces of information stored as a single unit in short-term memory called?

What is the repetition of information that has entered short-term memory known as?

What occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion?

What are strategies for organizing information in a way that makes it easier to remember?

What is a memory system that holds information temporarily while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information?

What type of memory is for factual information such as names, faces, and dates?

What type of memory is for skills and habits, such as riding a bike?

What type of memory is for general knowledge and facts about the world?

What type of memory is for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context?

What is the mental representation of clusters of interconnected information?

What is the term for the physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory?

Which part of the brain's limbic system helps to consolidate memories, stabilizing them after they are initially acquired?

Which part of the limbic system also plays an important role in memory?

What shows that certain neural pathways become easily excited while a new response is being learned?

What is the process by which memories become fixed and stable in long-term memory?

What is the inability to recall information that one realizes one knows, often due to difficulty retrieving it from long-term memory?

What is a stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory?

What is a specific piece of information that must be retrieved from memory?

What is the memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives?

What is the theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed?

What is the intentional or conscious recollection of information known as?

What are memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior?

What is the phenomenon that occurs when exposure to a word or concept later makes it easier to recall information related to the prime?

What are memories of a specific, important, or surprising emotionally significant event that are recalled easily and with vivid imagery?

What are processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events?

What are organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled?

What are apparent recollections of events that are initially so shocking that the mind responds by pushing them into the unconscious?

What are our recollections of our own life experiences called?

What is the loss of information in memory through nonuse called?

What is the phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information?

What is forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory?

What is interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later?

What is interference in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier?

What is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities?

What is memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties?

What type of amnesia involves memory loss for occurrences prior to a certain event but not for new events?

What type of amnesia involves memory loss for events that follow an injury?

What is a disease that afflicts long-term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and a tendency to repeat the same story?

What are the three types of memory in the three-system approach to memory?

Who demonstrated the existence of sensory memory in a series of clever and now-classic studies?

Rehearsal accomplishes two things: it maintains information in short-term memory and _____

Working memory is made up of four parts: the central executive, _____, the verbal store, and the episodic buffer.

What is an example of a retrieval cue?

Why is recognition easier than recall?

Are details often inaccurate in flashbulb memories?

What occurs when an individual has a memory for some material but cannot recall where he or she encountered it?

What are four reasons why we forget?

What develops when people are unable to recall the source of a memory of a particular event about which they have only vague recollections?

Who suggested that people tend to remember information in terms of schemas?

Are children's memories highly vulnerable to the influence of others?

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