Cognitive Processes and Biases: Understanding Reasoning, Decision Making, and Language

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Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

michael1tekrzp Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(83)

What is the process of evaluating conclusions based on given information called?

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What term describes applying reasoning to reach a conclusion with limited information?

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What is the process of evaluating information, reaching a judgment, and choosing among alternatives?

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What is the process of drawing general conclusions from observation and evidence?

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What are mental shortcuts that speed up cognition called?

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What term describes predispositions that influence perception, thoughts, and beliefs?

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What heuristic involves judging frequency or probability based on easily recalled events?

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What bias involves estimating frequency or probability based on recent information activation?

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What bias involves judging occurrence based on familiarity or the number of examples?

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What heuristic involves judging likelihood based on how well an event matches a mental prototype?

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What term describes ignoring the frequency of an event in a population?

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What is the general theory explaining different ways of thinking called?

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What involves reasoning, judgment, and decision making?

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What increases the strength of an inductive argument?

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What is the base of different classes in a population called?

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What heuristic involves estimating value based on adjusting from an initial estimate?

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What term describes perceiving a relationship between events when none exists?

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What bias involves evaluating evidence to support existing opinions?

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What bias involves seeking information that confirms existing beliefs?

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What bias involves having higher confidence than justified by reality?

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What bias involves the belief that one predicted an outcome after knowing it?

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What bias involves underestimating actual risk due to perceived controllability?

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What is the process of logically deriving conclusions from given statements?

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What is a logical argument with two premises leading to a conclusion called?

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What is the problem involving turning over cards to test a hypothesis known as?

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What theory assumes rational decision-making based on maximum utility?

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What term describes the preference for sure outcomes over gambles?

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What effect describes how choices are presented affecting decision-making?

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What bias involves the tendency to stick with the current situation when deciding?

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What is the process of addressing issues without clear solutions to achieve goals?

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What is the starting point of a problem, such as a car that won't start, called?

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What is the desired outcome of a problem, such as a car needing to start, called?

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What are the limitations or conditions affecting problem-solving, such as limited cash?

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What are the challenges hindering problem resolution, such as lack of mechanical skills?

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What problem-solving method involves restructuring for insight?

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What involves changing problem representation mentally for new perspectives?

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What is the sudden realization of a solution or understanding called?

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What approach focuses on steps between problem and solution?

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What is the problem-solving puzzle with initial, intermediate, and goal states called?

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What are systematic problem-solving rules ensuring correct solutions called?

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What are shortcut methods for problem-solving efficiency called?

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What is getting stuck in a single thinking approach hindering solutions called?

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What is limiting object use to its traditional function called?

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What is high-level knowledge and performance in a specific domain called?

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What is intentional, focused practice to improve skills called?

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What is producing novel, effective, and whole ideas called?

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What is the quality of being new or different from the common called?

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What is solving problems or fulfilling needs efficiently called?

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What is the conceptual integrity behind creative ideas called?

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What is leaving a problem to activate the default mode network for solutions called?

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What is the open-ended approach to generating multiple solutions called?

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What is creating new ideas by combining or modifying existing concepts called?

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What is engaging in creative, imaginative activities called?

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What is strong enthusiasm and dedication towards creative pursuits called?

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What is allowing the mind to wander freely for creative inspiration called?

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What is engaging in creative activities alone for focused thinking called?

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What is the study of human communication and mental processes called?

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What is the study of language structure like syntax and semantics called?

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What is the psychology of language comprehension, production, and acquisition called?

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What is the smallest distinct sound unit in a language called?

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What is the smallest unit carrying meaning in language called?

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What is a complete unit of meaning in a language called?

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What is a coherent word sequence called?

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What is the collection of all known words called?

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What is the meaning within a language called?

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What is the language's ability to create new combinations called?

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What is the faster response to common words in a language called?

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What describes the different ways words are pronounced?

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What is the process of perceiving pauses between words called?

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What is the simultaneous activation of multiple word meanings called?

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What is the process of grouping words to determine meaning called?

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What are sentences initially misleading then clarified called?

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What approach uses context to interpret ambiguous sentences?

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What is the process of drawing conclusions from text called?

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What is connecting objects/subjects in sentences called?

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What is drawing conclusions about tools/methods called?

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What is inferring cause within or between sentences called?

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What is including known and new information in conversation called?

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What is shared knowledge in a conversation called?

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What is maintaining sentence structure consistency called?

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What is speaking two languages called?

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What is speaking multiple languages called?

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What is the rhythm and pitch of spoken language called?

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