Which of the following statements best describes the history of the contemporary cognitive theory? Its roots can be traced to the work of verbal learning theory, which in turn evolved from Piaget's research in Switzerland. It gained prominence only when psychologists began to cast aside the need for objectivity in psychological research. It has been the dominant perspective in learning research only in the past 6 or 7 decades It has been a major force guiding learning research ever since computers were used to understand cognition

It has been the dominant perspective in learning research only in the past 6 or 7 decades

Early behaviorists argued that because thinking cannot be observed, it cannot be studied objectively and scientifically. How would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to respond to this argument? We study mental events, which aren't the same thing as thinking. Modern technology allows us to study thought processes very precisely We can determine what people are thinking simply by asking them to describe their thoughts. The things they say are observable behaviors that we can measure objectively. By studying people's responses to various stimuli, we can draw inferences about thought processes that may underlie those responses

By studying people's responses to various stimuli, we can draw inferences about thought processes that may underlie those responses

In a series of experiments, Tolman investigated the role of reinforcement in learning. Which one of the following conclusions emerged from his research? Reinforcement is essential for learning, but not for performance Reinforcement is important only if the organism is unmotivated Reinforcement is distracting, so interferes with learning Responses can be learned even when they are not reinforced

Responses can be learned even when they are not reinforced

Three of the following are assumptions that underlie contemporary cognitive theories of learning. Which one is NOT such an assumption? Mental events can be studied indirectly by observing behavior Humans sometimes learn differently than other species do Researchers can study mental events only by abandoning objectivity. Humans often learn by relating new info to what they already know

Researchers can study mental events only by abandoning objectivity.

The basis for verbal learning theory came from which of the following research discoveries? All humans can learn language at an early age Behaviorists did not want to be associated with language learning research Humans can proficiently learn more than one language Language based learning could not be described by the behavioral perspective alone.

Language based learning could not be described by the behavioral perspective alone.

Cognitive Psychology: Gestalt Principles, Memory Organization, and Information Processing

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Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

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Cards in this deck(37)

You perceive a shape as a rectangle even though two of its lines are too short to connect at one corner. Which one of the following Gestaltist concepts best accounts for this phenomenon?

Jennifer was given a random list of 20 words to study. Jennifer was then asked to recall as many of the words as she could remember in a free recall task. Consistent with verbal learning research, which of the following orders is Jennifer most likely to recall the words in?

Frank sees an egg-shaped ball that he later 'remembers' as being perfectly round. Frank's mistaken recollection is an example of the Gestalt principles of:

Which of the following statements best describes the history of the contemporary cognitive theory?

Mark needs to learn the planets of the solar system listed in the order of their proximity to the sun. If we consider the serial learning curve, which planets will probably be the most difficult for Mark to learn?

Early behaviorists argued that because thinking cannot be observed, it cannot be studied objectively and scientifically. How would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to respond to this argument?

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists offer new ideas to explain those data. This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects the idea of:

In a series of experiments, Tolman investigated the role of reinforcement in learning. Which one of the following conclusions emerged from his research?

Three of the following are assumptions that underlie contemporary cognitive theories of learning. Which one is NOT such an assumption?

The basis for verbal learning theory came from which of the following research discoveries?

Which one of the following most clearly illustrates the Gestalt principle of figure-ground?

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

A classroom of talkative students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, 'Listen to me!'. The students' sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _________ on attention.

Only one of the following conclusions can be derived from recent research regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which one?

Piaget spoke of egocentrism as a characteristic of preoperational thought. Three of the following are examples of egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is NOT an example of preoperational egocentrism?

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

Three of the following statements are consistent with neo-Piagetian perspectives of cognitive development. Which statement is not?

Olivia understands why 3/4 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Olivia is probably in Piaget's ______ stage.

From Piaget's perspective, why is language critical for children's cognitive development?

James is 6 months old. He likes the feel of his thumb in his mouth; therefore, whenever his thumb comes close to his face he places his thumb in his mouth. James' action is characteristic of _____ behavior, which demonstrates the sensorimotor stage.

Which one of the following examples best illustrates symbolic thought as Piaget described it?

Which one of the following reflects class inclusion as Piaget described it?

Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?

Which one of the following common expressions best reflects the idea of distributed cognition?

Which one of the following best illustrates the use of base groups in cooperative learning?

Which one of the following is the best example of a cognitive tool?

Which one of the following most closely defines Uri Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?

Researchers have found that when we humans think about performing a particular skill, we activate some of the same brain regions that we use when actually executing the skill. Which of the following concepts best reflects this research finding?

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play have which one of the following effects?

In Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, what important role does inner speech play?

Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

Which one of the following alternatives is the best example of service learning?

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

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