Psychology of Perception: Sensory Processing, Attention, and Information Interpretation

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Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

jake12testoswi Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(67)

What is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize meaningful objects and events?

What is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment?

What type of analysis begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information?

What is the information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, drawing on experience and expectations?

What is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus called?

What is the phenomenon of failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere?

What is the term for failing to notice changes in the environment?

What is the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them?

What is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time?

What theory predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise?

What term describes stimuli that are below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness?

What is the smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50% of the time?

What theory states that the size of a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus?

What is the term for diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?

What is the conversion of one form of energy into another, specifically in sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses?

What are sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli called?

What is the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response?

What is the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina?

What is the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information?

What is the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina?

What are the retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, necessary for peripheral and twilight vision?

What are the retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and function in daylight or in well-lit conditions?

What is the nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain?

What is the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there?

What is the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster?

What are neurons in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement?

What is the theory of color vision that holds that all color perception derives from three different color receptors in the retina?

What is the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision?

What is the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next called?

What is the eye's clear, protective outer layer, covering the pupil and the iris?

What is the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters?

What is the ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening?

What is the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions?

What is the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light, known as the color names blue, green, and so forth?

What is the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, perceived as brightness or loudness, determined by the wave's amplitude?

What is an organized whole that emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes?

What is the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups?

What is the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional, allowing us to judge distance?

What are depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes?

What is a binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyeballs, where the brain computes distance?

What are depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone?

What is an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession?

What is the perception of objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change?

What is the perception of familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object?

What is the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field?

What is the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)?

What is a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals?

What is the sense or act of hearing called?

What is the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time?

What is a tone's experienced highness or lowness, which depends on frequency?

What is the theory in hearing that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated?

What is the theory in hearing that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone?

What type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea?

What type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves?

What is the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window?

What is the coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses?

What is the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs?

What is a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea?

What is the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts?

What is the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance?

What is the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological 'gate' that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain?

What is the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste?

What is our sense of smell called?

What is the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments?

What is a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?

What is the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input, including telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition?

What is the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis?

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