Understanding Visual Perception: Concepts, Theories, and Processes in Vision Science
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Cards in this deck(97)
What is the term for electromagnetic radiation that travels as a wave and is perceived as light?
What term describes the height of waves that affects our perception of brightness?
What is the term for the distance between peaks in a wave, crucial for determining color?
What is only a portion of the total range of wavelengths that humans can perceive?
Visual input must be converted into what type of impulses to be sent to the brain?
What term describes how varied the mix of wavelengths is, affecting the perception of color?
What term refers to the relative amount of whiteness in a color, or the richness of colors?
What term is used to describe the intensity of a color?
What color has no identifiable hue and is often used to describe neutral tones?
What term describes a color that has a clearly identifiable hue?
What are the two primary purposes of the eyes in the visual system?
Which of the following are parts of the eye's anatomy?
Which of the following are parts of the eye's anatomy?
Which parts of the eye form the pathway for vision?
Where does light enter the eye?
Which part of the eye focuses light rays on the retina?
What is the process called when the curvature of the lens adjusts to alter visual focus?
Problems with accommodation in the eye can lead to which conditions?
What condition is characterized by close objects being seen clearly while distant objects appear blurry?
What condition is characterized by distant objects being seen clearly while close objects appear blurry?
What is the colored ring of muscle that constricts or dilates based on the amount of light?
Which part of the eye regulates the amount of light entering the eye?
What is the colored part of the eye called?
What is the dark part of the eye that allows light to enter?
Which part of the eye absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain?
What is the bundle of neurons that carries visual information from the retina to the brain?
What is the point where the optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors?
What part of the eye is composed of specialized photoreceptor cells that convert light energy into nerve energy?
Which photoreceptor cells are responsible for black and white/low light vision and are more sensitive in dim light?
Which photoreceptor cells outnumber cones by a huge margin in the human eye?
Which photoreceptor cells are responsible for color and daylight vision but do not respond well in dim light?
Which photoreceptor cells provide better visual acuity and sharpness for precise detail?
What is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eyeball called?
What are the light-sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses?
Which photoreceptor cells are sensitive to dim light but not colors?
Which photoreceptor cells are sensitive to colors but not dim light?
What is the area of sharpest vision in the retina, densely packed with cones?
What is the process called when eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination?
How long does it take for dark adaptation to complete, with major progress in the first 10 minutes?
What is the process called when eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination?
What happens when light strikes the photoreceptors in the retina?
Which cells combine information from photoreceptors and send results to ganglion cells?
Which cells integrate information to send a single rate to the optic nerve?
Which cells connect receptors in the retina?
Which cells connect bipolar cells to bipolar cells and ganglion cells to ganglion cells?
What is the area on the retina that, when stimulated, affects the firing of a cell?
What is the term for neural activity in a cell that opposes activity in surrounding cells?
What is the sequence of visual information processing from the retina to the brain?
What is the main pathway for visual information processing in the brain?
Which channels are associated with the 'where' pathway in visual processing?
Which channels are associated with the 'what' pathway in visual processing?
What is the secondary pathway for visual information processing in the brain?
Who discovered feature detectors in the early 1960s through microelectrode recording of axons in the primary visual cortex of animals?
What are neurons that respond selectively to lines, edges, and other specific features called?
Which type of cells respond most strongly to bars of light in their favorite orientation?
Which type of cells respond most strongly to moving bars of light in their favorite orientation?
Which type of cells respond most strongly to moving bars of light of a particular length or angle?
What are the basics of color vision in terms of wavelength and intensity?
What determines the color of light?
Which color is associated with longer wavelengths?
Which color is associated with shorter wavelengths?
What determines the brightness of light?
What determines the saturation of a color?
What is the qualitative experience of color of the light stimulus called?
What term describes the purity or vividness of color sensations?
What term describes the intensity of light?
What is the psychological sensation derived from the wavelength of visible light, noting that color itself is not a property of the external world?
What is the process called when wavelengths of light are removed, leaving less light in the mixture?
What is the process called when lights are superimposed, putting more light in the mixture than exists with one light by itself?
Who proposed the trichromatic theory of color vision?
What theory suggests that color vision is based on receptors for red, green, and blue, allowing for color mixing?
What theory posits that all color experiences arise from three systems, each with two opponent elements (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white)?
What is the current perspective on the necessity of both trichromatic and opponent process theories?
What are visual sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed, with the color of the images being the complement of the color originally stared at?
What is the condition characterized by an inability to distinguish colors, affecting more males than females?
What is the most common type of color blindness, characterized by an inability to distinguish red from green?
What are drawings that have two interpretations that can shift back and forth called?
What can motivational forces foster in terms of perception?
What is the term for the failure to see objects because attention is focused elsewhere?
What theory is associated with bottom-up processing in visual perception?
What is associated with top-down processing in visual perception?
What is the sequence of bottom-up processing in visual perception?
What is the sequence of top-down processing in visual perception?
What is the term for perceiving contours where none actually exist?
What is the principle that the whole is more than the sum of its parts?
What demonstrates that the same visual stimulus can result in very different perceptions?
What are the Gestalt principles of form perception?
What is the difference between distal and proximal stimuli in recent research?
What plays a role in formulating perceptual hypotheses?
What are clues from both eyes together called?
What are examples of binocular cues?
What are clues from a single eye called?
What are examples of monocular cues?
What term describes stable perceptions amid changing stimuli?
What are examples of perceptual constancies?
What is the discrepancy between visual appearance and physical reality called?
What concept involves perceptual hypotheses at work, often influenced by cultural differences?
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