What is the effect of stratus clouds on albedo and temperature? Decrease in albedo due to stratus clouds and their absorption of insolation; increase in temperature No change in albedo; constant temperature Increase in albedo due to stratus clouds and their absorption of insolation; increase in temperature Increase in albedo due to stratus clouds and their reflection of insolation; decrease in temperature

Increase in albedo due to stratus clouds and their reflection of insolation; decrease in temperature

What are the characteristics of cold fronts in terms of precipitation and cloud types? No precipitation, clear skies Light precipitation, long duration, cirrus clouds Intermittent precipitation, altostratus clouds Heavy precipitation, short duration, cumulonimbus or nimbostratus clouds

Heavy precipitation, short duration, cumulonimbus or nimbostratus clouds

How does the Coriolis effect influence wind direction in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? North hemisphere: wind blows downward; South hemisphere: wind blows upward North hemisphere: wind blows upward; South hemisphere: wind blows downward North hemisphere: wind blows to the left; South hemisphere: wind blows to the right North hemisphere: wind blows to the right; South hemisphere: wind blows to the left

North hemisphere: wind blows to the right; South hemisphere: wind blows to the left

What are the characteristics of a cyclone in terms of rotation and inspiral direction in both hemispheres? North hemisphere: clockwise; South hemisphere: counterclockwise; Outspiral North hemisphere: clockwise; South hemisphere: counterclockwise; Inspiral North hemisphere: counterclockwise; South hemisphere: clockwise; Outspiral North hemisphere: counterclockwise; South hemisphere: clockwise; Inspiral

North hemisphere: counterclockwise; South hemisphere: clockwise; Inspiral

natural environment: exam 2

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Earth Science - Environmental Science

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Cards in this deck(100)

What is the effect of stratus clouds on albedo and temperature?

What is the term for when cold, high-pressure air moves toward warm, low-pressure air, forcing the warm air to rise?

What are the characteristics of cold fronts in terms of precipitation and cloud types?

What is a small particle in the atmosphere around which water droplets can form called?

What is the process of heat transfer by the movement of fluid, involving conduction and circulation?

What is the effect of Earth's rotation on wind direction called?

How does the Coriolis effect influence wind direction in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

What is the center of low atmospheric pressure where air converges and rises inward called?

What are the characteristics of a cyclone in terms of rotation and inspiral direction in both hemispheres?

What is the center of high atmospheric pressure where air descends from above and moves outward called?

What are the characteristics of an anticyclone in terms of rotation and outspiral direction in both hemispheres?

What is the temperature at which parcels of air become saturated and condensation begins called?

What is the atmospheric circulation cell in low latitudes involving rising air over the equatorial trough called?

What are lines on a weather map connecting points of equal pressure called?

What is the force that drives high pressure to low pressure in order to reach equilibrium called?

What is the region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range called?

What is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air versus the maximum amount that the air can hold when fully saturated called?

What is a breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, especially during the day, called?

What are surface winds in low latitudes that converge on the equatorial low-pressure trough called?

What is the phenomenon where urban areas are significantly warmer than rural counterparts called?

What is the rate at which a rising parcel of air that is saturated cools by expansion called?

What is the decrease in albedo due to the insulation of infrared radiation caused by cirrus clouds called?

What is the transfer of energy as heat through solid material called?

What is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves called?

What are the differences between land and water heating in terms of transparency and heat retention?

What is the phase change of a substance from liquid to gas called?

What is the ability of light to penetrate a substance called?

What is the capacity of a substance to hold heat called?

What is the measure of average motion (kinetic energy) of molecules in a substance called?

What is the total energy of molecular energy in a substance called?

What are the characteristics of the condensation phase change in terms of molecular activity and latent heat?

What are the characteristics of the evaporation phase change in terms of molecular activity and latent heat?

What is the pressure exerted by atoms and molecules in the atmosphere surrounding Earth called?

Atmospheric pressure and altitude have an _____ relationship.

What is the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure called?

Wind direction is measured as the direction from which it is _____, not toward which it is _____.

Wind is measured by its _____ and _____ using an anemometer.

What is the force that equally compresses the atmosphere around the world called?

What is the force that causes air to move from high pressure to low pressure to establish equilibrium called?

What is the force that decreases surface wind speed as it moves across the Earth's surface called?

What are the properties of warm parcels of air in terms of pressure and density?

What are the properties of cold parcels of air in terms of pressure and density?

Why does the pressure-gradient form in the atmosphere?

What is the energy absorbed or released during a change in state called?

What is the amount of water vapor in the air at any given time called?

Air is saturated whenever relative humidity is at _____.

In a mass of air in which no water vapor is being added or removed, an air temperature increase will _____.

Relative humidity and temperature have an _____ relationship.

What is the area of Earth that receives the most intense sunlight and where the ascending branches of the two Hadley cells converge called?

Warm air has a _____ capacity to hold water vapor than cold air.

What is the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed, combined with, or added called?

If air continues to cool after reaching the dew-point temperature, what happens?

What is the altitude at which a parcel reaches saturation and cloud formation begins called?

What physical aspect can we see of the lifting condensation level?

What is the relationship between the dew-point temperature and air temperature compared with relative humidity?

What is the rate at which rising air is cooled by expansion or descending air heats by compression when no condensation is occurring called?

What is the rate at which a parcel of saturated air cools by expansion called?

The _____ lapse rate will always be less than the _____ lapse rate because latent heat is released and warms uplifted air when condensation occurs.

What is a visible mass of condensed water vapor floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the ground, called?

What are stratus clouds and what is their typical appearance?

What are stratus rain clouds called?

What are cumulus clouds and what is their typical appearance?

What are cumulonimbus clouds and what weather phenomena are they associated with?

What are cirrus clouds and what is their typical appearance?

What is a cloud layer at ground level called?

Where do condensation nuclei come from?

Precipitation forms through _____ and _____, and can also form through ice crystals.

What is clear ice pellets precipitation that forms when rain falls through a layer of freezing air called?

What are ice storms and how do they occur?

What is the precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents called?

What is vertical uplift due to increased horizontal air movement into a single area called?

What is vertical uplift due to convective heating, driven by surface heating that leads to vertical instability called?

What is vertical uplift due to topographic obstruction, such as a mountain, called?

What are the properties of orographic lifting in terms of air movement and precipitation?

What is convectional rainfall and how does it occur?

What is the slope that faces toward the wind and gets most precipitation called?

What is the slope that faces away from the wind and gets less precipitation called?

Why do rain shadows occur?

What is the boundary between two unlike air masses called?

What is a warm front and how does it form?

What are the properties of warm fronts in terms of precipitation and cloud types?

What are long lines of thunderstorms that form along a cold front called?

What is the process where particles collide with one another and grow into droplets called?

What is the atmospheric low-pressure belt situated over the equator called?

Why does low pressure form around the equator?

Why do storms occur around the equator more often than other areas?

What are the characteristics of trade winds in terms of direction and moisture?

Describe the circulation of Hadley cells in terms of air movement and pressure.

What are belts of persistent high atmospheric pressure trending east-west and centered around 30 degrees N and S called?

What are the characteristics of subtropical high-pressure cells in terms of air temperature and wind strength?

Why is the air so dry at subtropical high-pressure cells?

What is the importance of trade winds in regard to the subtropical high-pressure cells?

What is the narrow zone within the equatorial low-pressure trough where air masses converge called?

What is the region of low pressure centered approximately at 60 degrees called?

Subpolar low-pressure cells weaken in _____ and strengthen in _____.

What are surface winds blowing generally in a westerly direction in the mid-latitudes called?

Prevailing westerlies result from the movement of _____ air between subtropical high-pressure cells and subpolar low-pressure cells.

The Coriolis effect causes this movement of warm air to flow _____.

Why do prevailing westerlies vary in intensity?

What are weak high-pressure cells that form over polar regions where air is intensely cold called?

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natural environment: exam 2

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