A Sunni Arab organization (and FORMER terrorist group) controlling the Palestinian West Bank. Formerly led by Yasser Arafat UN Resolution 181 McMahon-Hussein Letters Afghanistan Palestinian Liberation Organization

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Civics: Middle East

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Sociology - Middle Eastern Studies

charlotte1oxhi Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(49)

A territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

A Persian Shiite country east of Iraq. Home of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, where the Shah was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini. The capital is Tehran. Borders the Persian Gulf and partially controls the Strait of Hormuz.

An arab country with a slight majority of Shiite Muslims to the west of Iran. Slightly borders the Persian Gulf, with river access via the Shatt Al-Arab river. Formerly lead by Saddam Hussein, currently going through civil war due to American intervention

A Sunni terrorist Islamist group wanted to create an Islamic state based on sharia law. Took large pieces of territory in Syria and Iraq. It has become notorious for its brutality, including mass killings, abductions and beheadings. Recognizable with black flags and headbands.

A Sunni Islamic terrorist group, formerly led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on 9/11. Based in Afghanistan and Pakistan

A Sunni Arab organization (and FORMER terrorist group) controlling the Palestinian West Bank. Formerly led by Yasser Arafat

a militant Sunni Islamic fundamentalist terrorist group that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon. Located in the Gaza Strip. Notable for green headbands

A radical Shiite Muslim organization in Lebanon engaged in guerrilla warfare against Israel. Notable for yellow headbands/flags. Funded by Iran

Was put into power by the British. He helped modernize and westernize Iran. He ruled as a dictator but was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution

Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran to overthrow the Shah. Ordered the invasion of the US Embassy.

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction. Notable for his glorious mustache. Sunni leader of a majority Shiite country

ETHNIC group that dominates the Middle East and northern Africa (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen, Egypt, etc.)

Ethnic group of Iran; they speak Farsi and most are Shia Muslims, however some practice other religions.

Ethnicity of the Jewish people in Israel

the most common of the two main branches of Islam

A member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors. Minority of Muslims. Majority religion in Iran

a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia. Where operation enduring freedom took place

(1957-) Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks. Killed by Navy Seals in Pakistan. Fun Fact: When he was killed, it was found that this dude had LOADS of porn saved. Multiple hard drives. Nasty shit.

Correspondence between England and the Meccan Prince, promising creation of the Arab state of Palestine if the Prince led a rebellion (AKA the Arab Revolt) against the Ottoman Empire during WW1

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI

The 1916 secret agreement between Britain and France that divided up the Arab lands previously claimed by the Ottomans.

1947 UN Security Council agreement that called for the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states, with the city of Jerusalem as an international city

The act of taking privately owned propety and making it nationally owned property (EX. Egypt nationalizing suez canal, Iran nationalizing oil reserves)

a conflict that took place in 1948 when British forces withdrew from Palestine. The war pitted Arab forces against the recently established Jewish state with the goal of eradicating Israel

international crisis launched when Egyptian President Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. This crisis failed without aid from the United States and marked an important turning point in the post-colonial Middle East and highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs

Military conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, including Syria, Egypt, and Jordan. The war ended with an Israeli victory and territorial expansion into the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. Essentially, Israel tripled its size in 6 days.

Frustrated by their losses in the Six-Days War, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur on October 6, 1973 in order to reclaim their lost land. Israel counterattacked, won a decisive victory, and had even occupied portions of northern Egypt.

The meeting between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and the US President Jimmy Carter. They agreed that Egypt would never again invade Israel and would recognize Israel as a country if Israel turned over the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

An uprising/conflict in Palestinian areas against the Israelis (specifically the IDF). This was set off after an aid truck was destroyed in a crash with an Israeli truck

An agreement taking place in Oslo, Norway. This resulted in Israel and the PLO acknowledging each other. This is where the PLO renounced violence. These accords resulted in the orchestrator (Bill Clinton) receiving a Nobel Peace Prize, and the Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzak Rabin, being assassinated

A failed attempt at furthering Oslo Peace Accords #1. This agreement failed after the Israeli PM was assassinated and the new PM was scared to comply with the PLO's demands. This would have promised the Palestinians the "right to return," certain designated lands in the west bank for Palestinians, and would have legalized Israeli Kibbutzum.

Much more violent than the 1st intifada, Israel took out Palestinian leaders to disrupt the Palestinian movement, many Israelis and Palestinians were killed, Problems that led to the 2nd intifada was the Israeli Prime Minister visiting the Dome of the Rock; as a result, the Palestinians (Hamas) led suicide bombing attacks to which the Israelis built a security fence/wall around the West Bank

Began Oct. 7, 2023 when Hamas attacked an Israeli music festival. This led to Israel invading the Gaza Strip to exterminate Hamas.

The US and British secret services orchestrated a coup after the democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized Iran's oil reserves. Put the Shah in power to replace the PM

Temporary international punishment by another country or intergovernmental organization trying to force a nation to comply by withholding something. "Official International peer pressure"

A group of anti-American Muslim militants stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking all occupants hostage and demanding the return of the exiled Iranian shah Economic sanctions and political pressure failed Military rescue mission failed Crisis lasted 444 days, until Reagan's inauguration day

a conflict in which two opposing states "fight" by supporting opposite sides in war, such as the government and rebels in a third state

Iraq decided to invade Iran amidst the confusion occuring due to the change in powers. Iraq's goals were to prevent the spread of the Iranian Revolution, gain political influence in the middle east, and take control of the Shatt Al-Arab river for more access to the Persian Gulf.

A deal done with the international community and Iran to prevent Iran from creating nuclear weapons. The Iranians would cease development and surrender radioactive material, and the US would unfreeze some Iranian money that was taken during by the US during the Iranian Revolution

The war between to Soviets and Afghanistan when the Soviets invaded to spread communism during the cold war

in Afghanistan, holy warriors who banded together to fight the Soviet-supported government in the late 1970s

A fundamentalist Muslim movement whose militia took control of much of Afghanistan from early 1995, and in 1996 took Kabul and set up a radical Islamic state. The movement was forcibly removed from power by the US and its allies after the September 11, 2001, attacks

A stateless nation of Sunni Muslims located in the countries of Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Armenia, who practice their own cultural and linguistic traditions and have often fought for their own independent country.

Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded Kuwait over oil dispute on the border against US wishes (Saddam had formerly been US ally). US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait; Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil. The US set up a 3 part operation when they got involved. Operation Desert Shield: Set up bases in Saudi Arabia to defend from Iraq in case of invasion Operation Desert Storm: Invade Iraqi occupied Kuwait to liberate the country Operation Desert Sabre: Invade Iraq and push them back further

US invades afghanistan to eliminate taliban to destroy Al Qaeda

A preemptive strike due to suspicion of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Operation where U.S. troops invaded Iraq and Saddam's forces collapsed almost immediately. Baghdad fell, and Saddam and other Iraqi leaders went into hiding. In the months that followed Saddam and many of his supporters were captured

A revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in the Middle East (2011)

Dictator of Libya

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