GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

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Chemistry - Physical Chemistry

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Cards in this deck(93)

What are properties that depend on the number of solute particles dissolved in a solvent called?

Which properties depend only on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their nature?

What common origin binds properties that depend on the number of solute particles present?

What is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases co-exist with equal vapor pressure called?

What happens to the freezing point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added?

How does the effect of electrolytes as solutes compare to non-electrolytes?

What happens to the freezing point reduction as the number of solute particles increases?

What is the formula for calculating the freezing point depression?

What is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure?

What does it mean if a liquid has a high vapor pressure?

What is the formula for calculating the boiling point elevation?

What is the process called when fast-moving molecules of a liquid overcome their attractive forces and escape into the gaseous state?

What happens to the water level in an open container as vaporization continues?

What is the process called when molecules that escaped into the gaseous state return to the liquid state in a closed container?

What happens to the vapor pressure and evaporation rate if a liquid is volatile?

What happens to the vapor pressure and evaporation rate if a liquid is non-volatile?

Who extensively studied the vapor pressure of solutions between 1830 and 1901?

What does Raoult's Law state about the vapor pressure of a component in a solution?

What is the formula for Raoult's Law?

What is the movement of solvent from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration called?

What is the pressure required to stop the osmosis of a solution called?

What is the formula for calculating osmotic pressure?

What is the study of energy and its transformations called?

What branch of thermodynamics deals with the relationships between chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat?

Which of the following are types of energy?

What is the energy associated with an object by virtue of its motion called?

What is the energy available by virtue of an object's position called?

What is the energy at work called?

What is the energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy called?

What is the energy of the mobile electrons that produce electricity called?

What is the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules called?

What type of energy is stored within the structural units of chemical substances and released during chemical reactions?

What is the capacity to do work or to produce heat called?

What is defined as a force acting over a distance, with energy calculated as work = force × distance?

What is the energy used to raise the temperature of an object, which is not a state function, called?

Which of the following are involved in energy changes in chemical reactions?

What is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temperatures called?

What is temperature a measure of?

What are the two types of heat reactions?

What is the process called when heat from the surroundings is absorbed?

What is the process called when heat generated by combustion is transferred from the system to its surroundings?

What is the specific part of the universe under study in which a change occurs called?

What is the rest of the universe outside of the system called?

What are the three types of systems in thermodynamics?

What type of system can exchange mass and energy, usually in the form of heat, with its surroundings?

What type of system allows the transfer of energy (heat) but not mass?

What type of system does not allow the transfer of either mass or energy?

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics also known as?

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state about energy exchange?

What is the total amount of kinetic and potential energy a system possesses called?

What does the change in the internal energy of a system depend on?

What are properties determined by the state of the system, regardless of how that condition was achieved, called?

What happens to energy when it flows out of a system?

What are the units of energy, including the conversion between calories and joules?

What is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object by 1°C called?

What is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°C called?

What type of property is specific heat?

What type of property is heat capacity?

What is the relationship between the heat capacity and specific heat of a substance?

What is the process of measuring the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction called?

What does a positive q (+q) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

How is energy exchanged between the system and surroundings in thermodynamics?

What does a negative q (-q) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

What does a positive w (+w) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

What does a negative w (-w) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

What does a positive change in internal energy (+∆E) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

What does a negative change in internal energy (-∆E) indicate in a thermodynamic system?

What is used to quantify the heat flow into or out of a system in a process that occurs at constant pressure?

What does Hess' Law of Constant Heat Summation state about enthalpy change?

According to Hess's law, how is the overall enthalpy change for a reaction calculated?

What describes a chemical change?

What are the chemicals you start with before a reaction, written on the left side of the equation, called?

What are the new chemicals formed by a reaction, written on the right side of the equation, called?

What shows how many atoms of an element are in a molecule?

What shows how many molecules there are of a particular chemical?

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state about matter in chemical reactions?

What is chemical equilibrium?

What is the formation constant represented by?

What is the base dissociation constant represented by?

What is the ratio that quantifies the position of a chemical equilibrium called?

What is the rate of the forward reaction given by?

What is the rate of the backward reaction given by?

What is the reaction quotient (Q) used for?

What happens when Q < Keq in a chemical reaction?

What happens when Q > Keq in a chemical reaction?

What happens when Q = Keq in a chemical reaction?

Which factors affect chemical equilibrium?

How does changing the concentration of reactants or products affect the reaction quotient (Q)?

How does pressure affect chemical equilibrium in reactions involving gases?

How does the evolution or absorption of heat affect chemical equilibrium?

How does temperature affect chemical equilibrium?

What does Le Chatelier's Principle state about stress applied to an equilibrium system?

Who is Le Chatelier's Principle named after?

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