What is the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of an ionic compound in water that allows for quantitative predictions? Reaction quotient, Q Partial pressure, P Solubility product constant, Ksp Equilibrium constant, Keq

Solubility product constant, Ksp

Which of the following are bony structures of the pelvis? Tibia, fibula, patella Scapula, clavicle, humerus Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, acetabulum Femoral head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter

Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, acetabulum

How are the right and left pelvic bones joined together by the axial skeleton? Through the sacrum and L5, and anteriorly by the pubic synthesis Via the iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments By the femoral head and acetabulum Through the ischial tuberosity and obturator foramen

Through the sacrum and L5, and anteriorly by the pubic synthesis

How does the correspondence between the head of the femur and the acetabulum impact movement? Increases range of motion and decreases stability Reduces friction and increases flexibility Enhances joint lubrication and reduces wear Promotes stability and limits range of motion

Promotes stability and limits range of motion

What are the types of pelvic tilts? Superior pelvic tilt with lumbar flexion and inferior pelvic tilt with lumbar extension Anterior pelvic tilt with lumbar extension and posterior pelvic tilt with lumbar flexion Diagonal pelvic tilt with lumbar rotation and horizontal pelvic tilt with lumbar flexion Lateral pelvic tilt with lumbar rotation and medial pelvic tilt with lumbar extension

Anterior pelvic tilt with lumbar extension and posterior pelvic tilt with lumbar flexion

Which equations represent entropy as a state function? \[ \Delta H = q + w \] \[ F = ma \] \[ PV = nRT \] \[ \Delta S = S_{final} - S_{initial} \text{ and } \Delta S = \frac{q_{rev}}{T} \]

\[ \Delta S = S_{final} - S_{initial} \text{ and } \Delta S = \frac{q_{rev}}{T} \]

What is the entropy relationship in a reversible process? \[ \Delta E = q + w \] \[ \Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S \] \[ \Delta S_{univ} = \Delta S_{sys} + \Delta S_{surr} = 0 \] \[ PV = nRT \]

\[ \Delta S_{univ} = \Delta S_{sys} + \Delta S_{surr} = 0 \]

Which regions within the hand are most likely to show muscle atrophy after a longstanding ulnar and median neuropathy? Hypothenar eminence, interosseous spaces, webspace of the thumb Only the webspace of the thumb Only the hypothenar eminence Thenar eminence, dorsal interossei, palmar interossei

Hypothenar eminence, interosseous spaces, webspace of the thumb

Does the adductor pollicis muscle have stable proximal bony attachments necessary for its function? Yes, but only to the capitate No, it lacks stable attachments Yes, it attaches to the capitate and third metacarpal No, it only attaches to the metacarpals

Yes, it attaches to the capitate and third metacarpal

Which movements at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb constitute opposition? Flexion and lateral rotation Abduction and extension Abduction and flexion with medial rotation Extension and adduction

Abduction and flexion with medial rotation

Describe the path of the lumbrical muscle of the index finger from its proximal to distal attachment. How does it flex the MCP joint and extend the IP joints? Originates from the palmar aponeurosis, inserts into the distal phalanx Originates from the dorsal interossei, inserts into the extensor hood Originates from the metacarpal, inserts into the proximal phalanx Originates from the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, inserts into the extensor mechanism

Originates from the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, inserts into the extensor mechanism

What is the role of the lumbricals and interossei in opening the hand? They abduct the fingers and stabilize the thumb They extend the fingers and prevent hyperextension They adduct the fingers and extend the wrist They flex the fingers and stabilize the wrist

They extend the fingers and prevent hyperextension

Contrast the underlying pathomechanics in the swan-neck and boutonniere deformities. Swan-neck involves DIP flexion; boutonniere involves DIP hyperextension Both involve PIP hyperextension Both involve DIP flexion Swan-neck involves PIP hyperextension; boutonniere involves PIP flexion

Swan-neck involves PIP hyperextension; boutonniere involves PIP flexion

Why do clinicians immobilize the hand in a position of MCP flexion and IP extension after a metacarpal fracture? To decrease passive tension and allow healing To increase passive tension and prevent contracture To increase active tension and strengthen muscles To decrease active tension and reduce pain

To increase passive tension and prevent contracture

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