1. region of brain that controls ventilation 2. neurons in pons influence respiratory rhythm but are not responsible for maintaining eupnea How is breathing controlled? The 3 responses after exposure to trigger Eupnea Brainstem (particularly medulla oblongata)

Brainstem (particularly medulla oblongata)

1. group of neurons that create basic rhythm for breathing 2. found within structure called ventral respiratory column 3. neurons found in medullary reticular formation assist RRG, are known as ventral and dorsal respiratory groups 3 common restrictive lung diseases Respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) Chronic bronchitis Asthma

Respiratory rhythm generator (RRG)

1. in anterior and lateral portion of medulla 2. contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons 3. VRG inspiratory neurons send impulses to spinal cord that eventually trigger action potentials in phrenic nerve (innervates diaphragm) and intercostal nerves (innervates external intercostal muscles) 4. both nerves also supply certain accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration 3 common restrictive lung diseases Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis The 3 kinds of COPD Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

1. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2. pneumoconiosis 3. neuromuscular diseases and chest wall deformities Brainstem (particularly medulla oblongata) Eupnea How does breathing occur? 3 common restrictive lung diseases

3 common restrictive lung diseases

What is the primary purpose of the male reproductive system? To produce red blood cells To produce and maintain sperm cells To regulate body temperature To digest food

To produce and maintain sperm cells

What are the functions of the testes (gonads) in the male reproductive system? Store urine and regulate its release Produce sperm and sex hormones, contain the lobules, and spermatogenic cells Filter blood and produce urine Produce digestive enzymes

Produce sperm and sex hormones, contain the lobules, and spermatogenic cells

What is the role of lobules in the testes? Transport urine to the bladder Store and mature sperm cells Divide the teste into sections; about 250 sections in each testis Produce testosterone

Divide the teste into sections; about 250 sections in each testis

How are sperm cells produced and transported within the male reproductive system? Spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, move out through the tumulus recuts, then travel to the rete testis and are stored in the epididymis Created in the bladder and transported through the urethra Produced in the prostate gland and stored in the seminal vesicles Formed in the liver and transported via the bloodstream

Spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules, move out through the tumulus recuts, then travel to the rete testis and are stored in the epididymis

Where are interstitial cells (Cells of Leydig) located and what is their function? Found between the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone Found in the liver and produce bile Located in the bladder and produce urine Located in the pancreas and produce insulin

Found between the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system? Tightly coiled tube where sperm mature Stores urine Secretes digestive enzymes Produces testosterone

Tightly coiled tube where sperm mature

What is the role of the vas deferens (ductus deferens) in sperm transport? Muscular tube where sperm are ejaculated and travel through this tube past the glands and to the urethra to exit the male Duct that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder Pathway for blood circulation in the body Tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside

Muscular tube where sperm are ejaculated and travel through this tube past the glands and to the urethra to exit the male

What is the role of the septum in the scrotum? Produces testosterone Connects the testes to the bladder Divides the scrotum into two chambers and keeps the testes at a cooler temperature to produce healthy sperm Stores and matures sperm cells

Divides the scrotum into two chambers and keeps the testes at a cooler temperature to produce healthy sperm

What are seminal vesicles and where are they located? Structures that store bile Organs that filter blood 2 saclike glands that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder Glands that produce insulin

2 saclike glands that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the urinary bladder

A condition of unknown cause in which fluid accumulates in the lungs at altitude, interfering with ventilation, resulting in shortness of breath and fatigue, and characterized by impaired blood oxygenation, mental confusion, and loss of consciousness. Pulmonary Veins cholesterol wheezing High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

Acute swelling of the brain due to rapid ascent in altitude dorsalis pedis pulse popliteal pulse High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) systolic pressure

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

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