What is computer vision and what is its primary objective? Computer vision is the study of algorithms for processing visual data, primarily for artistic purposes. Computer vision is the development of hardware for capturing high-resolution images. Computer vision refers to the ability of computers to perceive the world visually, aiming to replicate the human visual system. Computer vision is a field focused on creating 3D models from 2D images.

Computer vision refers to the ability of computers to perceive the world visually, aiming to replicate the human visual system.

What tasks can computer vision already perform? Provide two examples with descriptions. Facial recognition and image compression, focusing on security and data reduction. Object segmentation and object tracking, where segmentation optimizes storage and tracking follows objects over time. 3D modeling and animation, primarily used in entertainment. Weather prediction and climate modeling, using visual data for forecasts.

Object segmentation and object tracking, where segmentation optimizes storage and tracking follows objects over time.

Compare the 'what' and 'where' pathways in the brain. What is each responsible for and where are they located? The 'what' pathway is in the ventral stream for recognition memory; the 'where' pathway is in the dorsal stream for decision-making. The 'what' pathway is in the frontal lobe for decision-making; the 'where' pathway is in the parietal lobe for sensory integration. The 'what' pathway is in the occipital lobe for visual processing; the 'where' pathway is in the temporal lobe for auditory processing. The 'what' pathway is in the dorsal stream for spatial awareness; the 'where' pathway is in the ventral stream for object recognition.

The 'what' pathway is in the ventral stream for recognition memory; the 'where' pathway is in the dorsal stream for decision-making.

What is the retina and what function does it serve in the visual system? The retina is a muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil. The retina is a fluid that maintains the shape of the eye. The retina interprets photons to understand the object we are looking at. The retina is a lens that focuses light onto the cornea.

The retina interprets photons to understand the object we are looking at.

Explain the process of visual perception in the eye. What happens to the object when it is perceived? The object is inverted, processed by the lens, and stored in memory. The object is flipped upside down, processed by the retina, and transformed into a neural signal. The object is blurred, processed by the iris, and transmitted as sound. The object is magnified, processed by the cornea, and sent to the brain.

The object is flipped upside down, processed by the retina, and transformed into a neural signal.

Do we have uniform visual perception across the retina? Why or why not? Yes, because the retina has uniform distribution of photoreceptors. No, because the retina has higher resolution in the center and lower at the periphery. Yes, because the retina processes all light equally. No, because the retina is only sensitive to certain colors.

No, because the retina has higher resolution in the center and lower at the periphery.

What are receptors in the visual system and what are the two types? Receptors are cells that detect sound; types are hair cells and cochlear cells. Receptors are cells that taste; types are sweet and bitter receptors. Receptors are cells that sense touch; types are Merkel cells and Meissner's corpuscles. Receptors are cells that receive light info; types are rods and cones.

Receptors are cells that receive light info; types are rods and cones.

Explain the concept of color opponent cells. Why does the 'negative after-image' effect occur? Color opponent cells filter out ultraviolet light, preventing eye damage. Color opponent cells detect all colors simultaneously, leading to color blindness. Color opponent cells enhance color saturation, resulting in vivid images. Color opponent cells register one color of a pair at a time, causing the 'negative after-image' effect.

Color opponent cells register one color of a pair at a time, causing the 'negative after-image' effect.

Explain the visual system in the brain. How do components like the thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN interact? The thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN are responsible for auditory processing. The thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN control motor functions and balance. The thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN process and relay visual information to the visual cortex. The thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN regulate circadian rhythms and sleep.

The thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN process and relay visual information to the visual cortex.

What is the neocortex responsible for in relation to the visual cortex? The neocortex regulates heart rate and breathing. The neocortex processes olfactory signals and taste. The neocortex controls basic reflexes and involuntary actions. The neocortex interprets and integrates visual information for higher-level processing.

The neocortex interprets and integrates visual information for higher-level processing.

Comprehensive Overview of Computer Vision and Image Processing Concepts

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Computer Science - Software Engineering

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Cards in this deck(48)

What is computer vision and what is its primary objective?

What tasks can computer vision already perform? Provide two examples with descriptions.

Compare the 'what' and 'where' pathways in the brain. What is each responsible for and where are they located?

What is the retina and what function does it serve in the visual system?

Explain the process of visual perception in the eye. What happens to the object when it is perceived?

Do we have uniform visual perception across the retina? Why or why not?

What are receptors in the visual system and what are the two types?

Explain the concept of color opponent cells. Why does the 'negative after-image' effect occur?

Explain the visual system in the brain. How do components like the thalamus, optic chiasma, and LGN interact?

What is the neocortex responsible for in relation to the visual cortex?

Outline the role of the Primary Visual Cortex (V1) in visual processing.

What are the types of cells in the Primary Visual Cortex and their functions?

Outline the hierarchical visual system. What happens as you move further in the hierarchy?

What is an invariant representation and why is it important in computer vision?

What is sampling in the context of image processing and why is it important?

Explain the process of sampling a continuous image. What does it involve?

How are signals represented in images and sound?

Explain how signals are represented mathematically. What are their components?

What is aliasing and when does it occur in signal processing?

What happens when sampling is adequate? How do we ensure aliasing does not occur?

When does oversampling occur in signal processing?

Explain what is happening in an image when sampling aligns well with low spatial frequency but not high spatial frequency.

Compare and contrast low and high spatial frequency filters in image processing.

What are complex signals and how do they relate to real-world signals?

Explain sampling in human vision. How does it differ across the visual field?

What is meant by perceiving color through measuring and combining colored reflectances of neighboring areas?

Compare and contrast additive and subtractive color representations.

Explain RGB coding and its significance in digital displays.

Compare and contrast RGB coding and XYZ space. Why was XYZ space created?

Explain the CIE chromaticity diagram. What happens if a line is drawn in it?

Which color space is most suitable for capturing complementary colors and why?

Explain the color perception process in the human visual system.

Explain color constancy and its relation to the Retinex theory.

What is image filtering? Provide two examples and explain them.

What does it mean to process images so that each output pixel depends on local values of neighboring pixels?

What is a linear filter in image processing? Provide an example.

What is the difference between convolution and cross-correlation? Which is more powerful?

What is a separable convolution in computer vision?

Distinguish between strides and padding in convolutional operations.

Distinguish between a low pass filter and a high pass filter in image processing.

What is a Gaussian filter and why is it important in image processing?

What does the sigma represent in a Gaussian filter?

Distinguish between Sobel, Prewitt, and Roberts filters. What do these edge detection filters do?

Explain the difference between the first and second spatial derivative of an image.

What is the Laplacian in computer vision and what is it used for?

Distinguish between Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) and Difference of Gaussians (DoG).

In terms of morphological operations, distinguish between dilation and erosion.

What is a median filter and why is it better at filtering salt and pepper noise than a Gaussian or average filter?

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Comprehensive Overview of Computer Vision and Image Processing Concepts

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