For the following tasks, identify the necessary direction of communication (downward, upward, horizontal), suggest an appropriate type (or types) of communication (casual conversation, formal interview, meeting, workshop, web conference, instant message, memo, blog, bulletin board notice, and so on), and briefly explain your suggestions.
a. As human resources manager, you want to announce details about this year's company picnic.
b. As director of internal communication, you want to convince top management of the need for an internal executive blog.
c. As production manager, you want to make sure that both the sales manager and the finance manager receive your scheduling estimates.
d. As marketing manager, you want to help employees throughout the company understand the marketplace and customer needs.