Functional foods are those containing nutritional supplements in addition to natural nutrients. Examples include orange juice with calcium and eggs with omega-3. Kolodinsky, et al. (2008) examined attitudes toward functional foods for college students. For American students, the results indicated that females had a more positive attitude toward functional foods and were more likely to purchase them compared to males. In a similar study, a researcher asked students to rate their general attitude toward functional foods on a 7-point scale (higher score is more positive). The results are as follows:
Females _______________ Male
n = 8 ........................... n = 12
M = 4.69 ................... M = 4.43
SS = 1.60 ................. SS = 2.72
a. Do the data indicate a significant difference in attitude for males and females? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.
b. Compute r2, the amount of variance accounted for by the gender difference, to measure effect size.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.