Loss of hearing can be a significant problem for older adults. Although hearing aids can correct the physical problem, people who have lived with hearing impairment often develop poor communication strategies and social skills. To address this problem, a home education program has been developed to help people who are receiving hearing aids for the first time. The program emphasizes communication skills. To evaluate the program, overall quality of life and satisfaction were measured before treatment, again at the end of the training program, and once more at a 6-month follow up (Kramer, Allessie, Dondorp, Zekveld, & Kapteyn, 2005). Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown below.

a. Do the data indicate a significant improvement in the quality of life following the training program? Test at the .05 level of significance.
b. Calculate η2 to measure the size of the effect.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

Quality-of-Life Scores 6 Months Before After Person N = 12 G = 60 EX? = 384 A 3 5 4 D 4 T = 28 SS = 8 T = 8 T = 24 SS = 10 SS = 10