Manufacturing cost flow for multiple accounting cycles The following events apply to Caldwell Manufacturing Company. Assume that all transactions are cash transactions unless otherwise indicated.

Transactions for the 2010 Accounting Period

1. The company was started on January 1, 2010, when it acquired $162,000 cash by issuing common stock.

2. The company purchased $36,000 of direct raw materials with cash and used $2,430 of these materials to make its products in January.

3. Employees provided 900 hours of labor at $5.70 per hour during January. Wages are paid in cash.

4. The estimated manufacturing overhead costs for 2010 were $64,800. Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. The company expected to use 12,000 direct labor hours during 2010. Calculate an overhead rate and apply the overhead for January to work in process inventory.

5. The employees completed work on all inventory items started in January. The cost of this production was transferred to the Finished Goods Inventory account. Determine the cost per unit of product produced in January, assuming that a total of 1,800 units of product were started and completed during the month.

6. The company used an additional $31,050 of direct raw materials and 11,500 hours of direct labor at $5.70 per hour during the remainder of 2010. Overhead was allocated on the basis of direct labor hours.

7. The company completed work on inventory items started between February 1 and December 31, and the cost of the completed inventory was transferred to the Finished Goods Inventory account. Determine the cost per unit for goods produced between February 1 and December 31, assuming that 23,000 units of inventory were produced. If the company desires to earn a gross profit of $2.70 per unit, what price per unit must it charge for the merchandise sold?

8. The company sold 22,000 units of inventory for cash at $9.60 per unit. Determine the number of units in ending inventory and the cost per unit incurred for this inventory.

9. Actual manufacturing overhead costs paid in cash were $65,700.

10. The company paid $37,800 cash for selling and administrative expenses.

11. Close the Manufacturing Overhead account.

12. Close the revenue and expense accounts.

Transactions for the 2011 Accounting Period

1. The company purchased $40,500 of direct raw materials with cash and used $2,280 of these materials to make products in January.

2. Employees provided 950 hours of labor at $5.70 per hour during January.

3. On January 1, 2011, Caldwell hired a production supervisor at an expected cost of $1,080 cash per month. The company paid cash to purchase $4,500 of manufacturing supplies; it anticipated that $4,140 of these supplies would be used by year-end. Other manufacturing overhead costs were expected to total $64,800. Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. Caldwell expected to use 14,000 hours of direct labor during 2011. Based on this information, determine the total expected overhead cost for 2011. Calculate the predetermined overhead rate and apply the overhead cost for the January production.

4. The company recorded a $1,080 cash payment to the production supervisor.

5. The employees completed work on all inventory items started in January. The cost of this production was transferred to the Finished Goods Inventory account. Determine the cost per unit of product produced in January, assuming that 1,900 units of product were started and completed during the month.

6. During February 2011, the company used $2,850 of raw materials and 1,000 hours of labor at $5.70 per hour. Overhead was allocated on the basis of direct labor hours.

7. The company recorded a $1,080 cash payment to the production supervisor for February.

8. The employees completed work on all inventory items started in February; the cost of this production was transferred to the Finished Goods Inventory account. Determine the cost per unit of product produced in February, assuming that 2,000 units of product were started and completed during the month.

9. The company used an additional $34,200 of direct raw materials and 12,000 hours of direct labor at $5.70 per hour during the remainder of 2011. Overhead was allocated on the basis of direct labor hours.

10. The company recorded $10,800 of cash payments to the production supervisor for work performed between March 1 and December 31.

11. The company completed work on inventory items started between March 1 and December 31. The cost of the completed goods was transferred to the Finished Goods Inventory account. Compute the cost per unit of this inventory, assuming that there were 24,000 units of inventory produced.

12. The company sold 26,000 units of product for $9.90 cash per unit. Assume that the company uses the FIFO inventory cost flow method to determine the cost of goods sold.

13. The company paid $38,700 cash for selling and administrative expenses.

14. As of December 31, 2011, $450 of production supplies was on hand.

15. Actual cost of other manufacturing overhead was $63,020 cash.

16. Close the Manufacturing Overhead account.

17. Close the revenue and expense accounts.

Required

a. Open T-accounts and record the effects of the preceding events.

b. Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured and sold, an income statement, and a balance sheet for each year.