Many carboxylic acids are much better known by their common names than by their systematic names. Some of these follow. Provide a structural formula for each one on the basis of its systematic name.
(a) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (better known as lactic acid, it is found in sour milk and is formed in the muscles during exercise)
(b) 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid (also known as mandelic acid, it is obtained from plums, peaches, and other fruits)
(c) Tetradecanoic acid (also known as myristic acid, it can be obtained from a variety of fats)
(d) 10-Undecenoic acid (also called undecylenic acid, it is used, in combination with its zinc salt, to treat fungal infections such as athlete’s foot)
(e) 3, 5-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid (also called mevalonic acid, it is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenes and steroids)
(f) (E)-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid (also known as tiglic acid, it is a constituent of various natural oils)
(g) 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid (also known as malic acid, it is found in apples and other fruits)
(h) 2-Hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid (better known as citric acid, it contributes to the tart taste of citrus fruits)
(i) 2-(p-Isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid (an antiinflammatory drug better known as ibuprofen)
(j) o-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid (better known as salicylic acid, it is obtained from willow bark)