A shallow layer of water is exposed to the natural environment as shown. Consider conditions for which the solar and atmospheric irradiations are GS = 600 W/m2 and GA = 300 W/m2, respectively, and the air temperature and relative humidity are T? = 27°C and ?? = 0.50, respectively. The reflectivities of the water surface to the solar and atmospheric irradiation are pS = 0.3 and pA = 0, respectively, while the surface emissivity is ? = 0.97. The convection heat transfer coefficient at the air-water interface is h = 25 W/m2 ? K. If the water is at 27°C, will this temperature increase or decrease with time?

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Air Air-water interface Water, T= 27°C Bottom