Simple Machines Ramps for the disabled are used because a large weight w can be raised by a relatively small force equal to w sin a plus the small friction force. Such inclined planes are an example of a class of devices called simple machines. An input force Fin is applied to the system and results in an output force Fout out applied to the object that is moved. For a simple machine the ratio of these forces, Fout / Fin, is called the actual mechanical advantage (AMA). The inverse ratio of the distances that the points of application of these forces move through during the motion of the object, sin/sout, is called the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA). (a) Find the IMA for an inclined plane. (b) What can we say about the relationship between the work supplied to the machine, W in, and the work output of the machine, Wout, if AMA = IMA?(c) Sketch a single pulley arranged to give IMA = 2. (d) We define the efficiency e of a simple machine to equal the ratio of the output work to the input work, e = Wout/Win ... Show that e = AMA/IMA.