Baxter International Inc. (USA) established the following environmental goals in 1997 for 2005: global targets to cut packaging, energy consumption, toxic emissions to the air and the generation of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.

Relevant estimates are provided in Table 6.15.

a What are the total estimated annual savings and cost avoidance for Baxter International from environmental improvements in 2005?
b Are these savings driven by commercial or environmental management considerations? Discuss.

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Reduce air toxic emissions Reduce generation of hazardous and regulated waste Reduction goal* (%) Base year 80 Savingst 1996 4 35 1996 3 Reduce generation of non-hazardous 35 1996 25 waste Improve energy efficiency 10 Reduce packaging materials 10 1996 13 20 1995 35 * Per unit of production + Estimated annual savings and cost avoidance in 2005 were the goal to be achieved (in $ millions) Table 6.15 Sustainable development goals for 2005 at Baxter International Inc. (USA)