A tube similar to that in Problem 10.47 is being routed through a complex machine. At one point, the tube must be bent through an angle of 145°. Compute the energy loss in the bend.

In Problem

Compute the energy loss in a 90 bend in a steel tube used for a fluid power system. The tube has a ½-in OD and a wall thickness of 0.065 in. The mean bend radius is 2.00 in. The flow rate of hydraulic oil is 3.5 gal/min.