Questions and Answers of Applied Fluid Mechanics

The intake duct to a fan consists of intake louvers, 5.8 m of square duct (800 × 800 mm), a sudden contraction to a 400-mm-diameter round duct, and 9.25 m of the round duct. Estimate the pressure at
Name a type of compressor often used for pneumatic fluid power systems.
Name four types of positive-displacement compressors.
Describe a vane–axial blower, and compare it with a duct fan.
Describe a duct fan.
Describe a centrifugal fan with forward-curved blades.
Describe a centrifugal fan with backward-inclined blades.
A four-wheel drive utility vehicle incorporates a roll bar that extends above the cab and is in the free stream of air. The bar, made from a 3-in Schedule 40 steel pipe, has a total length of 92 in
As part of an advertising sign on the top of a tall building, a 2-m-diameter sphere called a “weather ball” glows different colors if the temperature is predicted to drop, rise, or remain about
A cylinder 25 mm in diameter is placed perpendicular to a fluid stream with a velocity of 0.15 m/s. If the cylinder is 1 m long, calculate the total drag force if the fluid is (a) water at 15°C and
An orifice meter is to be installed in a 12-in ductile iron pipe carrying water at 60°F. A mercury manometer is to be used to measure the pressure difference across the orifice when the expected
A flow nozzle is to be installed in a 5-in Type K copper tube carrying linseed oil at 77°F. A mercury manometer is to be used to measure the pressure difference across the nozzle when the expected
An orifice meter is to be used to measure the flow rate of propyl alcohol at 25°C through a PVC plastic pipe, 40 mm OD × 3.0 mm wall. The expected range of flow rates is 1.0 m3/h to 2.5 m3/h.
A 50.0 mm, sharp-edge orifice is placed in a DN 100 Schedule 80 steel pipe. Compute the volume flow rate of ethylene glycol at 25°C when a mercury manometer reads a 95-mm deflection.
A venturi meter similar to the one in Fig. 15.2 is attached to a 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe and has a throat diameter of 1.50 in. Determine the pressure difference across the meter that would be
A circular finished concrete drainage pipe with a diameter of 1.20 m carries 1.45 m3/s. Use y = 0.50 m in (d).
A rectangular channel 2.00 m wide carries 5.5 m3/s of water and is made of formed unfinished concrete. Use y = 0.50 m in (d).
A pump draws propane at 45°C (sg = 0.48) from a tank whose level is 1.84 m below the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 0.92 m and the atmospheric pressure is 98.4 kPa absolute.
A pump draws propane at 110°F (sg = 0.48) from a tank whose level is 30 in above the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 0.73 ft and the atmospheric pressure is 14.32 psia.
Repeat Problem 13.58 if the pump is installed under the tank, 0.65 m below the fluid surface.Repeat ProblemDetermine the NPSH available when a pump draws gasoline at 40°C (sg = 0.65) from an
Repeat Problem 13.57 if the pump is 1.2 m below the fluid surface.Repeat ProblemDetermine the NPSH available when a pump draws carbon tetrachloride at 65°C (sg = 1.48) from a tank whose level is 1.2
Repeat Problem 13.59 if the pump is 27 in above the fluid surface.Repeat ProblemDetermine the NPSH available when a pump draws gasoline at 110°F (sg = 0.65) from an outside storage tank whose level
Repeat Problem 13.56 if the pump is 44 in below the fluid surface.Repeat ProblemDetermine the NPSH available when a pump draws carbon tetrachloride at 150°F (sg = 1.48) from a tank whose level is
Determine the NPSH available when a pump draws gasoline at 110°F (sg = 0.65) from an outside storage tank whose level is 4.8 ft above the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 0.87
Determine the NPSH available when a pump draws gasoline at 40°C (sg = 0.65) from an underground tank whose level is 2.7 m below the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 1.18 m and
Determine the NPSH available when a pump draws carbon tetrachloride at 65°C (sg = 1.48) from a tank whose level is 1.2 m below the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 0.72 m and
Determine the NPSH available when a pump draws carbon tetrachloride at 150°F (sg = 1.48) from a tank whose level is 3.6 ft below the pump inlet. The energy losses in the suction line total 1.84 ft
Determine the available NPSH for the system shown in Fig. 13.38 (b). The fluid is water at 80?C and the atmospheric pressure is 101.8 kPa. The water level in the tank is 2.0 m below the pump inlet.
A pump draws benzene at 25°C from a tank whose level is 2.6 m above the pump inlet. The suction line has a head loss of 0.8 N∙m/N. The atmospheric pressure is measured to be 98.5 kPa(abs). Find
Find the available NPSH when a pump draws water at 140°F from a tank whose level is 4.8 ft below the pump inlet. The suction line losses are 2.2 lb-ft/lb and the atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia.
Describe why it is important to consider NPSH when designing and operating a pumping system.
Describe what happens to the vapor pressure of water as the temperature increases.
Distinguish between NPSH available and NPSH required.
Define net positive suction head (NPSH).
To the head-versus-capacity plot of Problem 13.13, add plots for efficiency and power required.In ProblemDescribe the general shape of the plot of total head versus pump capacity for centrifugal
Describe the general shape of the plot of total head versus pump capacity for centrifugal pumps.
Describe the general shape of the plot of pump capacity versus discharge pressure for a positive-displacement rotary pump.
Describe the difference between a simplex reciprocating pump and a duplex type.
Distinguish between a shallow-well jet pump and a deepwell jet pump.
Describe a jet pump.
Describe the action of the impellers and the general path of flow in the three types of kinetic pumps.
Name three classifications of kinetic pumps.
Describe a kinetic pump.
Name three types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps.
Name four examples of rotary positive-displacement pumps.
Describe a positive-displacement pump.
List 10 items that must be specified for pumps.
List 12 factors that should be considered when selecting a pump.
Find the flow rate of water at 60?F in each pipe of Fig. 12.12. 0.3 ft³/s 50 ft 50 ft 1.2 ft/s 30 ft 30 ft 50 ft 50 ft All pipes 25-in Schedule 40 0.3 ft/s 0.6 ft/s
It is desired to deliver 250 gal/min of ethyl alcohol at 77?F from tank A to tank B in the system shown in Fig. 11.30. The total length of pipe is 110 ft. Compute the required pressure in tank A.
In a water pollution control project, the polluted water is pumped vertically upward 80 ft and then sprayed into the air to increase the oxygen content in the water and to evaporate volatile
Refer to Fig. 11.27. Water at 80?C is being pumped from the tank at the rate of 475 L/min. Compute the pressure at the inlet of the pump. 11.5 m Pump Globe valve fully open Flow DN 65 Schedule 40
For the system in Fig. 11.26, compute the pressure at the inlet to the pump. The filter has a resistance coefficient of 1.85 based on the velocity head in the suction line. 4 ft Flow 20 GPM 4.0 ft
Figure 11.25 depicts gasoline flowing from a storage tank into a truck for transport. The gasoline has a specific gravity of 0.68 and the temperature is 25?C. Determine the required depth h in the
Water at 40?C is flowing from A to B through the system shown in Fig. 11.22. Determine the volume flow rate of water if the vertical distance between the surfaces of the two reservoirs is 10 m. The
Kerosene at 25?C is flowing in the system shown in Fig. 11.21. The total length of 50 mm OD ? 1.5 mm wall hydraulic copper tubing is 30 m. The two 90? bends havea radius of 300 mm. Calculate the
A hydraulic oil is flowing in a drawn steel hydraulic tube with an OD of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm. A pressure drop of 68 kPa is observed between two points in the tube 30 m apart. The oil
Water at 100°F is flowing in a 4-in Schedule 80 steel pipe that is 25 ft long. Calculate the maximum allowable volume flow rate if the energy loss due to pipe friction is to be limited to 30
Figure 9.32 shows a heat exchanger with internal fins. Compute the Reynolds number for the flow of brine (20% NaCl) at 0?C at a volume flow rate of 225 L/min inside the heat exchanger. The brine has
Three surfaces of an instrument package are cooled by soldering half-sections of copper tubing to it as shown in Fig. 9.31. Compute the Reynolds number for each section if ethylene glycol at 77?F
Refer to Fig. 5.35. The vessel shown is to be used for a special experiment in which it will float in a fluid having a specific gravity of 1.16. It is required that the top surface of the vessel is
Referring to Problem 5.30, assume that the steel bar is fastened to the bottom of the cup with the long axis of the bar horizontal. Will the cup float stably?In ProblemRepeat Problem 5.29, but
Describe a compound manometer.
Describe an inclined well-type manometer.
Describe a well-type manometer.
Describe a differential U-tube manometer.
Describe a simple U-tube manometer.
A long-throated flume is installed in a rectangular channel using design A from Table 14.5. Compute the discharge for a head of 0.35 ft.
Compute the specific weight of natural gas at 4.50 inH2O and 55°F.
Repeat Problem 10.57 for flow rates of 7.5 gal/min and 10.0 gal/min.Problem 10.57For the data from Problem 10.53, compute the flow coefficient CV as defined in section 10.13. The oil has a specific
Repeat Problem 10.55 for flow rates of 7.5 gal/min and 10.0 gal/min.Problem 10.55For the data from Problem 10.53, compute the equivalent value of the resistance coefficient K if the pressure drop is
Compute the power required to overcome drag on a truck with a drag coefficient of 0.75 when the truck moves at 65 mph through still air at 40°F. The maximum cross section of the truck is a rectangle
A small, fast boat has a specific resistance ratio of 0.06 (see Table 17.2) and displaces 125 long tons. Compute the total ship resistance and the power required to overcome drag when it is moving at
A passenger liner displaces 8700 long tons. Compute the total ship resistance and the power required to overcome drag when it is moving at 30 ft/s in seawater at 77°F.
Assume that Fig. 17.11 shows the performance of the wing on the race car shown in Fig. 17.15. Note that it is mounted in the inverted position, so the lift pushes down to aid in skid resistance.
Calculate the total drag on an airfoil that has a chord length of 2 m and a span of 10 m. The airfoil is at 3000 m flying at (a) 600 km/h(b) 150 km/h. Use Fig. 17.11 for C D and a = 15°.
For the airfoil with the performance characteristics shown in Fig. 17.11, determine the lift and drag at an angle of attack of 10°. The airfoil has a chord length of 1.4 m and a span of 6.8 m.
Repeat Problem 17.30 if the angle of attack is the stall point, 19.6°.Repeat Problem For the airfoil with the performance characteristics shown in Fig. 17.11, determine the lift and drag at
For the airfoil in Problem 17.30, what load could be lifted from the ground at a takeoff speed of 125 km/h when the angle of attack is 15°? The air is at 30°C and standard atmosphere
Determine the required wing area for a 1350-kg airplane to cruise at 125 km/h if the airfoil is set at an angle of attack of 2.5°. The airfoil has the characteristics shown in Fig. 17.11. The
A pipe in a compressed air system is carrying 2650 cfm. Compute the flow rate in ft3/s.
A duct in a heating system carries 8320 cfm. Compute the flow rate in ft3/s.
A pipe in a compressed air system carries 2650 cfm. Compute the flow rate in m3/s.
A duct in a heating system carries 8320 cfm. Compute the flow rate in m3/s.
The velocity of flow in a ventilation duct is 1140 ft/min. Compute the velocity in m/s.
The velocity of flow in an air conditioning system duct is 5.62 m/s. Compute the velocity in ft/s.
A measurement for the static pressure in a heating duct is 4.38 in H2O. Express this pressure in psi.
A fan is rated to deliver 4760 cfm of air at a static pressure of 0.75 in H2O. Express the flow rate in m3/s and the pressure in Pa.
The static pressure in a gas pipe is measured to be 925 Pa. Express this pressure in in H2O.
Express the pressure of 925 Pa in psi.
Compute the specific weight of air at 80 psig and 75°F.
Compute the specific weight of air at 25 psig and 105°F.
Compute the specific weight of nitrogen at 32 psig and 120°F.
Compute the specific weight of air at 1260 Pa(gage) and 25°C.
Compute the specific weight of propane at 12.6 psig and 85°F.
An air compressor delivers 820 cfm of free air. Compute the flow rate of air in a pipe in which the pressure is 80 psig and the temperature is 75°F.
An air compressor delivers 2880 cfm of free air. Compute the flow rate of air in a pipe in which the pressure is 65 psig and the temperature is 95°F.
Specify a size of Schedule 40 steel pipe suitable for carrying 165 cfm (FAD) at 100 psig with no more than 5.0-psi pressure drop in 100 ft of pipe.
Specify a size of Schedule 40 steel pipe suitable for carrying 800 cfm (free air) to a reactor vessel in a chemical processing plant in which the pressure must be at least 100 psig at 70°F. The
For an aeration process, a sewage treatment plant requires 3000 cfm of compressed air. The pressure must be 80 psig, and the temperature must be 120°F. The compressor is located in a utility

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